单选题
Obesity Causes Global Warming

The list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing: Last week, obese people were accused of causing global warming.
This conclusion comes from Sheldon Jacobson of the University of Illinois, U. S. , and a doctoral student, Laura McLay. Their study calculates how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around. The answer, they say, is a billion gallons of gas per year. It means an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide.
There has been calls for taxes on junk food in recent years. U. S. economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food delivered to people's cars. "We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost," Schmidt said. "Similarly, leading a lazy lifestyle will end up costing taxpayers more. "
U. S. political scientist Eric Oliver said his first instinct was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments. But such claims are getting attention.
At the U. S. Obesity Society's annual meeting, one person correlated obesity with car accident deaths, and another correlated obesity with suicides. No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship. "The funny thing was that everyone took it seriously," Oliver said.
In a 1960s study, children were shown drawings of children with disabilities and without them, a drawing of an obese child. They were asked which they would want for a friend? The obese child was picked last.
Three researchers recently repeated the study using college students. Once again, ahnost no one, not even obese people, liked the obese person. "Obesity was stigmatized," the researchers said.
But, researchers say, getting thin is not like quitting smoking. People struggle to stop smoking, and, in the end, many succeed. Obesity is different. But, not because obese people don't care. Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight.

单选题 Sheldon Jacobson and Laura McLay come to the conclusion that obese people cause global warming by
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】根据题干关键词定位到第二段第二句:Their study calculates hew much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around(他们的研究计算了运送肥胖美国人每年要多消耗多少汽油),因此本题的正确答案为A。虽然文中提到了二氧化碳,但并不是肥胖者自身呼出的二氧化碳高于正常人,而是他们多消耗的汽油造成了二氧化碳排放量的增加(第二段三、四句),因此排除B;文中并没有提到美国肥胖人群比普通人消费的垃圾食品更多,故排除C;D选项的内容出现在第三段结尾部分,但并不是Sheldon Jacobson and Laura McLay的研究内容,而是Martin Schmidt主张对要求把垃圾食品送到车里的人增加税收的理由,故排除。
单选题 Martin Schmidt cited cigarettes as an example to show
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据题干定位到第三段第二至四句:U. S. economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food delivered to people's cars. "We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost," Schmidt said. "Similarly, leading a lazy lifestyle will end up costing taxpayers more.”(美国经济学家马丁?舒密特建议对送到人汽车里的食品征税。他说:“我们对香烟征税部分原因是它们对健康的消耗。同样的,懒惰的生活方式也会消耗纳税人更多的钱”),根据这一段的逻辑关系,我们可以知道,舒密特用香烟做例子来说明,我们也有理由对送到人们汽车里的食物征税。因此本题的正确答案为B。
单选题 What was obesity correlated to at the U. S. Obesity Society's annual meeting?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】根据题干关键词定位到第五段第一句:At the U.S. Obesity Society's annual meeting, one person correlated obesity with car accident deaths, and another correlated obesity with suicides.(在美国肥胖协会的年会上,一个人把肥胖与交通事故死亡率联系在一起,还有一个人把肥胖和自杀关联在一起),可见本题的正确答案为D。
单选题 What is true about the 1960s study and the recent research repeating it?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】根据题干定位到第六、七段。第六段说,在60年代的研究中,给孩子们看了两幅画,一幅画上有正常的孩子和残疾孩子,另一幅画上有一个小胖子,让他们从中选一个做朋友,结果显示小胖子是最不受欢迎的。第七段说同样的实验最近在一群大学生中重复进行了一次,最不受欢迎的仍然是肥胖的那个。从对两次研究的叙述可以看到,D选项符合原文的内容,因此为正确答案。
单选题 Why is it difficult for obese people to loose weight according to researchers?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据题干定位到最后一段:研究人员表示,变瘦和戒烟并不一样。人们努力戒烟,到最后很多人都成功了。而肥胖而不同,并不是说人们不担心,而是科学研究表明肥胖的人对自己的体重并没有多少控制权。对照选项与这段内容,我们不难看到只有B选项与之相符,因此本题的正确答案为B。