The development of the modem presidency in the United States began with Andrew Jackson who swept to power in 1829 at the head of the Democratic Party and served until 1837. During his administration he immeasurably enlarged the power of the presidency. "The President is the direct representative of the American people," he lectured the Senate when it opposed him. "He was elected by the people, and is responsible to them. " With this declaration, Jackson redefined the character of the presidential office and its relationship to the people.
During Jackson's second term, his opponents had gradually come together to form the Whig party. Whigs and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the market, banks, and commerce. The Democrats tended to view society as a continuing conflict between "the people" --farmers, planters, and workers--and a set of greedy aristocrats. This "paper money aristocracy" of bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for their own profit, Democrats claimed, and sapped the nation's virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth.

单选题 The word "immeasurably" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.

单选题 According to paragraph 1, the presidency of Andrew Jackson was especially significant for which of the reasons? ______

单选题 The author mentions "bankers and investors" in the passage as an example of which of the following? ______

单选题 According to paragraph 3, Whigs believed that commerce and eceonomic development would have which of the following effects on society? ______

单选题 According to paragraph 3, which of the following describes the Whig Party's view of the role of government? ______

单选题 The word "inclination" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.

单选题 According to paragraph 4, a Democrat would be most likely to support government action in which of the following areas? ______

单选题 The word "concept" in the passage is closest in meaning to

单选题 Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about variations in political beliefs within the Whig Party? ______

单选题 According to paragraph 6, the Democrats were supported by all of the following groups EXCEPT ______.

单选题 Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

单选题 Look at the four squares, , , and

填空题 Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
The political system of the United States in the mid-nineteenth century was strongly influenced by the social and economic circumstances of the time.
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• [A] The Democratic and Whig Parties developed in response to the needs of competing economic and political constituencies.
• [B] During Andrew Jackson's two terms as President, he served as leader of both the Democratic and Whig Parties.
• [C] The Democratic Party primarily represented the interests of the market, banks, and commerce.
• [D] In contrast to the Democrats, the Whigs favored government aid for education.
• [E] A fundamental difference between Whigs and Democrats involved the importance of the market in society
  
• [F] The role of government in the lives of the people was an important political distinction between the two parties.