单选题 {{B}}Passage Four{{/B}}
The world is full of new horrors and there's no place to hide. Who says so? Disaster psychologists, for a start. They are the people who take in the big picture of our collective reactions to human-created disaster, the ways these reactions are caused, and our coping mechanisms. And research into disaster psychology is growing fast.
Among the big issues being addressed by these researchers are understanding the terrorists' weapons, assessing the full impact of terrorism—and, crucially, working out which psychological approaches actually work. It's a deeply controversial area.
Take the work of Dennis Embry as an example. He argues that we have overlooked the obvious. the purpose of terrorism is to create terror. This works best "if the very symbols of everyday life become conditioned fear and anxiety stimulant". The top targets will be the most symbolic of a nation's daily life, preferably served up for prime-time television. Crashing planes from United and American Airlines into the Twin Towers and the Pentagon from 8.46 am on met those objectives all too perfectly. After the attacks, people stopped flying. Why? Not because they had made a rational risk assessment but because the mere thought of flying made their palms sweat.
From terrorism to rail crashes, counseling and "debriefing” are the standard response to help those caught up in disasters. But there are growing doubts about their effectiveness. What might be going wrong? Debriefing focuses on getting people to talk through the trauma(创伤)and its emotional consequences soon after the incident. Could it be that some people are better by distancing themselves from what happened, rather than retelling it?
单选题 Disaster psychology refers to the study of how to ______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】在第1段中指出，“Disaster psychologists…the people who take in the big picture of our collective reactions to human-created disaster，the ways these reactions are caused，and our coping mechanisms．”灾难心理学家是指那些研究人们对灾难的反应，以及对此采取怎样的应对机制的人。由此可见，灾难心理学是帮助人们有效应对灾难反应的——门学科，而不是如何避免或减少战争或自然灾害，故选B。
单选题 The passage tells us that disaster psychology is ______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】第2段最后一句明确提出，“It's a deeply controversial area．”故选A。
单选题 According to Dennis Embry, how do terrorists reach their goals?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】Dennis Embry认为“This works best if the very symbols of everyday life become conditioned fear and anxiety stimulant”当日常生活中的标志性物体都成为引起人们的恐惧以及不安的刺激物时，恐怖分子就达到了他们的目的了。故选C。
单选题 Why do people usually stop flying after terrorist attacks?
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】在第3段最后一句，“Not because they had made a rational risk assessment but because the mere thought of flying made their palms sweat．”不是因为人们做出了合理的风险评估，而是只要一想到飞行就会令他们手心冒汗，恐惧不已。故选A。
单选题 Counseling and debriefing may not be effective methods because ______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】从文章最后一句作者质疑“Could it be that some people are better by distancing themselves from what happened，rather than retelling it?”这暗示了远离灾难，避免回忆往事可能会令某些人感觉更加舒服，这好过不断地去重述灾难事件。故选D。
单选题 The word "debriefing"(Line 1,Para 4)may probably mean EXCEPT ______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】从“Debriefing focuses on getting people to talk through the trauma(创伤)and its emotional consequences soon after the incident．”可以得知，debriefing是指不断去回忆往事，希望让人们直面痛苦从而战胜它的一种治疗方法，从最后一句“rather than retelling it”也可以看出，debriefing就是retelling。所以选C。