问答题 Most people know how to count, but the way we master this ability remains something of a puzzle. Numerals were invented only around four to five thousand years ago, meaning it is unlikely that enough time has elapsed for specialized parts of the brain for processing numbers to evolve, which suggests that math is largely a cultural invention. It appears to be based on an interface between vision and reasoning that we share with other animals, allowing us to "see" small numbers—up to around five—without counting. This ability—often called' the number sense'—lays the foundations of later mathematical knowledge, but its basis is poorly understood. It has been argued that the number sense itself may he innate, but this fails to account for why learning to master the use of small numbers is such a difficult and drawn-out process in children.
【正确答案】大部分人都会数数,但是我们是如何掌握这种能力的确仍然是个谜。数字发明大约只有四五千年的历史,这意味着不太可能有足够的时间在大脑中演化出专门负责数字处理的区域。这说明数学在很大程度上是个文化产物。它似乎是产生于视觉和推理相互作用的基础上,这是人和其他动物都具备的,而这种相互作用使我们在不数数的情况下能“看到”大约五以内的小数字。这种能力常被称作“数感”,为后来的数学知识奠定了基础,但是人们对这种能力的机理却知之甚少。一直以来,有人认为数感本身可能是与生俱来的,但这又无法解释为什么对于孩子来说学习掌握使用小数字是如此困难和耗费时间的事。
【答案解析】这是一篇说明文,全文共144词。文章围绕人类如何掌握技术能力这一话题展开。首先指出数字的发明不过四五千年历史,大脑中不可能进化出专门加工数字功能的功能区域,所以数学是个文化产物。数学似乎是建立在人们的“数感”基础上。有人认为“数感”是天生的,但这又无法解释为什么孩子最初学习数字时感到很困难。 ①but分句中的主语the way后跟一个同位语从句,the way原以为“方式”,这里根据上下文译为“如何”。②本句是个复合句,主句是Numerals were invented...。后面的meaning为现在分词作伴随状语,meaning后面引导一个表语从句;后面的which指代的内容为前面的表语从句,因此翻译时应按照行文逻辑,先译主句,同时补译出原文省略和指代的主语。③本句中allowing的逻辑主语是interface,翻译时要补出主语。up to本意为“多达,达到”,但是结合中文用词习惯,这里采用逆译法,译为“……以内”。④本句中的often called 'the number sense'是插入语,考虑到中文习惯,应单独译成短句。⑤此句是并列复合句,前半句的难点在于it has been argued,此类被动表达法译成中文时需要添加主语,翻译成主动结构,同时注意该短语的时态,应译为“一直以来有人认为”;后半句由but引出,主谓结构很清晰,注意why引导的宾语从句要首先译出“in children”,以突出对象。