填空题 Translate the following English passage into Chinese.(对外经济贸易大学2012研,考试科目:基础英语)Most textiles and apparel, cheese, chocolate, and a few other products are subject to U. S. import quotas. They serve to protect domestic industry by limiting the supply and therefore raising the prices of foreign products to U. S. consumers, and by allocating production among supplying countries. For example, a quota on Swiss cheese and so permits other countries to take part of the market.Foreign governments need systems for deciding which of their companies will be able to use their quotas in the U. S. Market, and, of course, they want to get the highest possible value of exports from the allowable quantities. They use different systems to allocate quotas, including auctioning them in blocks. Holders of quotas are often allowed to sell them to other suppliers, who hope to get higher prices from their U. S. Buyers.Customs and Border Protection helps many countries entrance their quota arrangements by requiring that import shipments of quota goods be accompanied by visas issued by the designated authorities in the exporting countries. This means that if your shipment of canned tuna from Thailand reaches U. S. Customs and there is no visa among the documents, it probably cannot be entered. You can apply to the Thai consulate for a visa, but it will not be granted unless the responsible agency in Bangkok gives its approval. If you get tangled up in the Electronic Certification System(eCERT)and the Electronic Visa Information System(ELVIS), you will probably wish it were the Elvis from Graceland, not Customs.Classification specialists in district Customs offices should know the details of quotas on the items they handle, but even they cannot always tell you the annual quota on a specific item from a specific country or how much of the year"s quota is still unfilled. They can, however, translate the HS number of your product into a "Quota Category Number" and tell you where to look to find the quota level and its current status of fulfillment.
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【正确答案】 1、正确答案: 大多数纺织品和服装、奶酪、巧克力以及其他一些商品都要受到美国进口配额的限制。通过限制进口商品的供应数量来提高美国消费者的进口商品价格,同时在出口国间进行产品配置,从而保护美国国内工业。例如,通过限制瑞士奶酪的进口配额,从而其他国家也可以在美国该领域市场中占有一席之地。 外国政府需要建立机制,甄选出哪些公司可以使用其在美国市场占有的配额,它们当然希望在允许的出口限额内获得最高利益。各国家采用不同的机制来分配配额,其中包括整批次拍卖。配额持有者往往可以将配额转售其他想从美国采购商处获得更高价格的供应商。 美国海关和边境保护局要求配额商品在进口装运过程中应携带出口国政府指定机构签发的出口许可证,从而帮助各出口国进行配额安排。这意味着,如果你装运的泰国金枪鱼罐头在接受美国海关检验时无法出示出口许可证,那么这批货物将很可能无法入境。你可以向泰国领事馆申请许可证,但只有当获得曼谷有关机构的批件后,申请才能被批准。如果你搞不清电子认证系统(eCERT)和电子通关信息系统(ELVIS),那你很可能想当然地期望后者是故居雅园的猫王埃尔维斯而不是海关系统。 各地区海关的分类专家应了解各自负责的商品配额详情,但即使是他们也不是总能掌握某个特定出口国在某种特定商品上的年度配额或者在该年度中未使用配额的情况。不过,他们能将你的商品的HS编码转换成“配额类别编号”,告诉你在哪里可以查看配额水平及当前配额使用状态。    
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