单选题 It is clear that some people who participate in exercise training will develop injuries to their bones, muscles, and joints (关节). Despite unfounded reports in the mass media of extremely high injury rates among adult exercisers, there have been few good studies of exercise injuries in populations. One of the difficulties in performing such studies has been the need to identify both the number of cases and the number of people at risk for injury. In other words, it is difficult to know the number of individuals injured and the total number of individuals exercising in the population. But these two figures are necessary in order to calculate (统计) tree injury rates. Normally, injury is defined as an accident that causes a person to stop exercising for at least one week. The best available studies on injury rates show that about 25 to 30 percent of adult runners become "injured" (based on the above definition) over the course of a year. More serious injuries include those for which the injured person seeks medical care. If only they are considered, injury rates are much lower, perhaps in the range of I percent per year.
Little is known about the causes of exercise injuries. One factor that has been linked to injury is the amount of exercise; for example, individuals who run more miles are likelier to be injured than those who run fewer miles. Factors such as age, sex, body type, and experience have not been shown to be associated with risk of injury. It seems logical that structural abnormalities, sudden increases in training intensity, and types of equipment used are likely to be related to injury risk. However, data to support these opinions are not available.

单选题 What is the writer's attitude towards high injury rates among abult exercisers reported by the mass media?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】细节理解题。本题询问的是作者对大众传媒中报道的成年锻炼者的高受伤率持什么样的态度。根据文章第一段的第二句可知，作者认为大众传媒中对成年锻炼者高受伤率的报道是无根据的，也就是说作者并不相信成年锻炼者的受伤率有传媒报道的那么高。因此选项C(否定的)符合文意，为正确答案。
[避错指南] 选项A(积极的)，选项B(漠不关心的)与选项D(有所保留的)均不符合文意，故可以排除。解答此题的关键是第一段第二句中的unfounded(无根据的)一词。掌握了该词的意思，这道题就可迎刃而解。
单选题 The true injury rates are obtained from ______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】事实细节题。本题询问的是真实的受伤率是如何获得的。根据文章第一段第二句、第四句和第五句可知，掌握受伤者的数量和进行锻炼者的总数对于计算真实的受伤率是必要的。因此，选项C(受伤的人数和所有进行锻炼的人数)符合文意，为正确答案。
[避错指南] 选项A(每名锻炼者平均的受伤量)与选项B(每名锻炼者的锻炼量)均没有在文章中提及，可以先排除。选项D(进行锻炼的人数和停止锻炼至少一个星期的人数)比较具有迷惑性。虽然文中出现“一般说来，导致人们停止锻炼至少一星期的意外事故，被称为损伤”，但是除此以外，还有比这更为严重的受伤，一星期不能进行锻炼只是损伤的一种情况，用此数据来进行统计则过于片画，因此可予以排除。
单选题 Which of the following is NOT shown as the factor for causing exercise injuries?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】事实细节题。本题询问的是以下哪项不是导致锻炼受伤的因素。根据文章第二段的第三句“设有证据显示年龄、性别、体型和经历等因素与受伤风险相关”可知选项B(年龄、性别和体型)不是导致受伤的因素，符合题目要求，为正确答案。
[避错指南] 根据文章第二段的第二句和第四句可知选项A(锻炼量)、选项C(结构异常)与选项D(突然增加锻炼强度)都可能与锻炼损伤有关，因此不符合题意。
单选题 The factors that are in relation to exercises injuries ______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】推理判断题。本题询问的是与锻炼损伤相关的因素是什么。根据文章的最后一段内容常可知，结构异常、突然增加锻炼强度以及使用的器材类型都可能是导致受伤的因素，但是目前尚无数据支持该观点。据此可以推断出有些与锻炼损伤相关的因素还没有得到证实。因此选项C(不能证实器材类型的风险)符合文意，为正确答案。
[避错指南] 选项A(来自许多真正的研究)与文中所述事实“……真正关于人群中田锻炼而造成损伤的研究却寥寥无几”不符；选项B(已经被许多数据所证实)虽未在文中提及，但根据文章内容可以判断其是错误的；选项 D(可以通过计算出的数据轻易得到证实)不符合文中“进行研究的困难之一是：必须既掌握案例的数最，又掌握有可能受伤者的数量……但是这两个数据对于计算真实的受伤率是必要的”一句不符。
单选题 The passage is mainly about ______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】主旨大意题。本题询问的是本文主要讲述的是什么。文章第一段叙述了锻炼损伤的真正研究寥寥无几，进行研究的困难以及根据目前最可信的关于锻炼损伤的研究，受伤率为多少。概括说来．这—段主要讲的是对锻炼受伤率研究。文章第二段叙述了可能导致锻炼损伤的因索。因此，选项D(对受伤率的研究及导致受伤的原因)符合文意，为正确答案。
[避错指南] 选项A(锻炼者的高受伤)只是文章内容的一小部分。选项B(避免锻炼受伤的途径)及选项C(说明锻炼受伤严重性的证据)均只在文中提及，不属于文章的主要内容，故都可以排除。