Passage D
Petroleum products, such as gasoline, kerosene, home heating oil, residual fuel oil, and lubricating oils, come from one source—crude oil found below the earth’s surface, as well as under large bodies of water, from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25,000 feet into the earth’s interior. Sometimes crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the earth, but more dry holes are drilled than those producing oil. Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface.
Crude oil wells flow at varying rates, from ten to thousands of barrels per hour. Petroleum products are always measured in 42-gallon barrels.
Petroleum products vary very greatly in physical appearance: thin, thick, transparent or opaque, but regardless, their chemical composition is made up of only two elements: carbon and hydrogen, which form compounds called hydrocarbons. Other chemical elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and are classified as impurities. Trace elements are also found, but these are of such minute quantities that they are disregarded. The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the various positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule.
The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors. These products are the so-called light oils, such as gasoline, kerosene, and distillate oil. The residue remaining after the light oils are distilled is known as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly for burning under boilers. Additional complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure of the hydrocarbons to produce other products, some of which are used to upgrade and increase the octane rating of various types of gasoline.
Which of the following is not true?
由文章第一段第一句话中的“from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25,000 feet into the earth’s interior”可知，原油距地表的距离从几百尺到几万尺不等。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
Many thousands of hydrocarbon compounds are possible because ________.
根据文章倒数第二段最后一句话“The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the various positions and joinings of these two atoms”可知，碳氢化合 物种类众多的原因是这两种元素有很多种组合方式。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
Which of the following is true?
文章最后一段第一句话“The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors”明确指出，各类石油制品是通过加热和蒸汽冷凝而得到的。因此，本题的正确答案为 B。
How is crude oil brought to the surface?
文章第一段最后两句话“Sometimes crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the earth...Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface”描述了原油是通过管道加压得到的。因此，本题的正确答案 为B。
Which of the following is not listed as light oil?
文章最后一段第二句话“These products are the so-called light oils, such as gasoline, kerosene, and distillate oil”列出了一些light oils，其中并不包括Lubricating oil。因此，本题的正确答案为C。