阅读理解 To most Africans, tribalism simply means very strong loyalty to one''s ethnic group. It is a force that can be both good and bad. By definition tribalism means sharing among members of the extended family. It makes sure that a person is taken care of by his own group. To give a job to a fellow tribesman is not wrong; it is an obligation. Similarly ,for a politician or military leader it is considered good common sense to choose his closest adviser from people of his own tribe. This ensures security, continuity, authority. Tribal loyalty may mean a quick promotion--from sergeant to captain, from clerk to manager--within a very short time. Modern African politicians publicly speak out against tribal divisions. Yet it remains perhaps the most powerful force in day-to-day African life. As evidence of tribalism, in 1977 in Kenya, president Jomo Kenyatta''s tribe controlled business and politics. Eight of the 21 cabinet posts, including the most important four were filled. by Kikuyus. In Uganda in the same year, the president'' s small Kakwa tribe filled almost all the highest government and military positions! In Agola, Ethiopia, and Nigeria, the fighting in the past ten years can be partly explained by disagreements among tribes.

单选题 What is the definition of tribalism?

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】本题译文：部落制的定义是什么?此题考查学生“对某些细节的把握”的能力。见原文第—段第三句。“By definition tribalism means sharing among members of the extended family”

单选题 One example of bow a tribe takes care of its own people is______.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】本题译文：部落如何照顾成员的例证之一是……此题考查考生“根据材料进行推理”的能力。见原文第一段“it makes sure that a person is taken care of by his own group．”以下各句均为该句的例证。其中包括"Tribal loyalty may mean a quick promotion"。因此选择C。

单选题 In paragraph 2,"thc most important four" refers to______.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】本题译文：在第二段中，最重要的四个指的是……此题考查考生“对某些细节的把握”的能力。见原文第二段“Eight of the 21 cabinet posts，including the most important four…”其中the most important four指代前面刚提到的cabinet posts。因此选择C。

单选题 How many examples are there "as evidence of tribalism"?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】本题译文：文中列举厂几个关于部落制的例证?此题考查考生“根据材料进行推断”的能力。见原文第二段"As evidence of tribalism...”以下各句均为例证。确定其数目为3。

单选题 According to the passage, which of the following statements is wrong?

A、 Modern African politicians approve of tribal divisions.
B、 A person is usually taken care of by his own tribe.
C、 Africans consider it an obligation to give a job to a fellow tribesman.
D、 Tribalism is still a powerful force in day - to - day African life.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】本题译文：根据短文，以下说法哪个是错误的?此题考查考生“根据材料进行推理”的能力。见原文第二段"Modern African politicians publicly speak out against tribal divisions．Yet it remains perhaps the most powerful force in day-to-day African life"因此推知现今非洲领导人反对种族分离，只是这种现象仍客现存在。因此选择A。