【正确答案】The lecture mentions two influences of photography on painting.
First, the professor says that the camera is a very helpful tool that allows artists to capture, in detail, the motion of running animals. With the help of cameras, painters no longer draw leaping horses with all legs extended. Thanks to photography, art has become more realistic than before.
Another development is that photography has changed the way artists use color in their paintings. For example, skin is no longer shown as flesh-colored, but a number of colors are combined to express or highlight the subject's personality or mood. In this case, the effect of photography has been to shift painting away from strict realism.

【答案解析】[听力原文]
W: Photography has had a number of influences on painting. Two effects the camera has had on painters deserve special mention here.
The first involves painters using the camera as a supporting tool. What we think we see is not always what takes place. This is especially the case with animals or people in motion. The most famous example is that of horses. Horses can run so quickly that none of us can see the motion of their legs. For centuries artists showed horses as leaping with legs extended. But the camera allows painters to capture motion that cannot be registered by human eyes. With the assistance of the camera, painters can draw a whole, accurate picture of horses running.
The other influence is in a contrary direction. The advent of color photography has made for a much deeper appreciation of color than was generally seen among earlier generations of artists. Nowadays no artist would simply think and paint skin as flesh- colored. Instead, a variety of tints or colors from black and gray to blue, yellow, and green are used to describe the subject's mood or character. This is thanks, in part, to the nuances of color photography.

Alternative Wording(替换表达)
Synonyms (a)extended—stretched (b)realistic—accurate
(c)changed—revolutionized (d)a number of—a medley of
(e)shift—nudge
Paraphrases 1. Art is now more realistic than before due to the analyses of photography.
2. Here, photography has weaned art away from mindless realism.