What does the speaker say about Kwanzaa?

Passage 2

Kwanzaa is a cultural festival during whichAfrican-Americans celebrate and reflect upon their rich heritage as theproducts of two worlds. It begins December 26 and lasts for seven days.

Kwanzaa was founded in 1966 by Dr. Karenga, acollege professor and African-American leader, who believed that a specialholiday could help African-Americans meet their goals of building strongfamilies, learning about their history, and creating a sense of unity.

After conducting extensive research in which hestudied the festivals of many African groups of people, he decided that the newholiday should be a harvest or "first fruits" celebration,incorporating ideas from many different harvest traditions. Kwanzaa is aKiSwahili word meaning "the first fruits of the harvest."

The East African language of KiSwahili was chosenas the official language of Kwanzaa because it is a non-tribal language, spokenby a large portion of the African population. Also, its pronunciation is easy.

Kwanzaa is based on seven principles which areunity, self-determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperativeeconomics, purpose, creativity and faith. One principle is highlighted each dayof the holiday.

In preparation for the celebration, a straw mat isplaced on the table, along with a candle holder with seven candles, one black,three red, and three green. The black candle represents the African-Americanpeople, the red is for their struggles, and the green represents their hopesfor the future.

Other items placed on the table are a variety offruit, ears of corns, gifts, and a communal unity cup for pouring and sharingdrinks.

Each day of Kwanzaa, usually before the eveningmeal, family and friends gather around the table and someone lights a candle,beginning with the black. After that, candles are lit alternately from left toright. While the candle is being lit, a principle is recited; then each personpresent takes a turn to speak about the importance that principle has tohimself or herself.

Next the ceremony focuses on remembering those whohave died. A selected person pours water or juice from the unity cup into abowl. That person then drinks from the cup and raises it high saying"Harambee" which means "Let's all pull together." Allrepeat "Harambee!" seven times and each person drinks from the cup.Then names of African-American leaders and heroes are called out, and everyonereflects upon the great things these people did. The ceremony is followed by ameal, and then singing and perhaps listening to African music.

For what purpose did Dr. Karenga create thisspecial holiday?

What does the word "Kwanzaa" mean?

What did people do while each candle was beinglit at the Kwanzaa celebration?

讲座2开始即点出本篇介绍的是非裔美国人的文化节日，宽扎节，即第19题答案。Karenga教授是一个非洲裔美国学者，1966年创立宽扎节作为第一个非洲裔美国人的假期。他相信透过这样的节日可以让非裔美国人达到创建稳固家庭关系、了解自身历史、促进团结等目标；对应第20题答案。宽扎节的”Kwanzaa”意为第一次收获”；对应第21题答案。其庆祝方式为以烛光仪式揭开序幕，每天点燃一支蜡烛，每天点燃一支蜡烛，象征非裔美国人的七个原则：团结、自决、共同生活、合作经济、目的、创造和信念。点燃蜡烛时，便朗诵一个原则。此为第22题答案。