I'd like to discuss some of the ways researchers try to measure quality of life or well-being and the difficulties with such measures. Traditionally, economists have used levels of standard of living as 1of quality of life among countries or within countries. For most of the 20th century the only measurement used to compare the standards of living of citizens of different countries was national 2. In the second half of the 20th century indices including 3and 4indicators have been developed, so as to give a more 5picture of people's living conditions. The best-known of these indices is the United Nations Human Development Index, or HDI, which was first published in 6. There are three parts to this particular index: long and healthy life, education and standard of living. The concept of living a long and healthy life is captured by life 7. Educational attainments are measured by two indicators: by adult 8rates and by the ratio of combined 9in education. Standard of living is measured in terms of Gross 10Product per capita. But those three dimensions leave out other very important aspects of human development. The number of factors included is too 11. Schumacher argued that 12economics measure standard of living by the amount of annual 13, assuming all the time that a person who consumes more is 14off than another who consumes less. But a Buddhist economist would see this as 15. Since consumption is merely a 16to human well-being, the aim should be to obtain the 17of well-being with the 18of consumption. Therefore, 19GDP per capita would not be a 20indicator of greater human development.