阅读理解

In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions and 5 short answer questions. Please read the passages and then write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.


TEXT C

The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The compete destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and especially the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war.

While speaking out against Hitler’s atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality.

The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion.

American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelt’s “quarantine the aggressor” speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitler’s policies. Germany’s seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people.

The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March, 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August, 1939 came the shock of the Nazi-Soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war.

The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted “cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations.

A strong national defense program began. A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend-Lease Act (1941) authorized the President to sell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August 1940, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war.

In December 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the United States. 

单选题 One item occurring before 1937 that the author does NOT mention in his list of actions that alienated theAmerican public was _____.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】根据第一段第二句“The compete destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jews, … for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war.”可知，B项“德国征服计划”，C项“纳粹之残暴”，D项“迫害宗教团体”都有提到。帝国大厦焚毁，众所周知，这是纳粹希特勒精心策划的一次政治阴谋，旨在迫害德国共产党，文中并没有提到这点。故选A。
单选题 The Lend-Lease Act was designed to _____.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】文章倒数第二段提到“A Lend-Lease Act (1941) … for the defense of the United States.”可见该法案是为了加强美国国防，故选B。
单选题 American policy during the years 1935—1936 may be described as being _____.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】文章第二段“美国人民虽然反对希特勒的凶残等事，他们一般还是喜欢孤立（与世隔绝的） 政策和保持中立。1933年和1936年的中立条约规定： 禁止和交战国双方贸易和借贷。”故选B。
单选题 The Neutrality Act of 1939 _____.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】文章倒数第三段提到“1939年的中立条约取消了武器禁运，允许进行现钞交易出口武器给交战国。”故选A。
单选题 The United States entered the war against Germany _____.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】文章最后一段提到“Germany declared war on the United States.”德国宣战，美国才不得不参战。故选A。