单选题 Passage Four
Some personal characteristics play a vital role in the development of one's intelligence. But people fail to realize the importance of cultivating these factors in young people.
The so-called non-intelligence factors include one's feelings, will motivation, interests and habits. After a 30 years fellow-up study of 800 males, American psychologist found out that the main cause of distinction in intelligence is not intelligence itself, but non-intelligence factors including the desire to learn, will-power and self-confidence. Though people all know that one should have definite objectives, a strong will and good learning habits, quite a number of teachers and parents don't pay much attention to cultivating these factors.
Some parents are greatly worried when their children fail to do well in their studies. They blame either genetic factors, malnutrition(营养不良), or laziness, but they never take into consideration these non-intelligence factors. At the same time, some teachers don't inquire into these as reasons why students do poorly. They simply give them more courses and exercises, or even scold or ridicule them. Gradually, these students lose self-confidence. Some of them just feel defeated and give themselves up as hopeless. Others may leave school because they are sick of learning.
It is clear that the lack of cultivation of non-intelligence factors has been a main obstacle to intelligence development in teenagers. It even causes an imbalance between physiological and psychological development among a few students.
If we don't start now to strengthen the cultivation of non-intelligence factors, it will not only do harm to the development of the intelligence of teenagers, but also affect the quality of a whole generation. Some experts have put forward proposals about how to cultivate students' non-intelligence factors.
First, parents and teachers should fully understand teenage psychology. On this basis, they can help them to pursue the objective of learning, stimulating their willpower.
The cultivation should also be part of primary education for young children. Parents should attend to these qualities from the very beginning.
Primary and middle schools can open psychology courses to help students overcome the psychological obstacles to their learning, daily lives and recreation.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】细节题。文章第三段提到，家长过于关注孩子的学习成绩，成绩不好就责怪孩子脑子笨，学习不刻苦，却从来不考虑孩子的非智力因素。老师只是给学生安排大量的课程和练习，甚至批评学生。渐渐地，这些学生对自己失去了信心，最终自暴自弃。由此可见，学生放弃学习的原因是他们缺少信心，故选D。A和B是导致学生缺乏信心的原因，故排除。