Passage 2
People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.
First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam's bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.
Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.
Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully.
After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.
Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.
Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem.
As used in the first paragraph, the phrase “by trial and error” means ________.
根据第一段，“Other times they begin to act without thinking”一句说明人们不假思索就开始行动，然后试图找出解决办法。这里的“行动”类似于通过实验解决问题。故选 D。
What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
第一段第一句即说明，人们不会分析他们遇到的每一个问题。其余内容则是在讲人们不分析问题时是怎么解决问题的。故选A。
In analyzing a problem we should do all the following EXCEPT ________.
根据文章，分析问题的步骤包括：认识并定义问题、寻找信息使问题更清楚、 对可能的解决方案提出建议、对解决方案进行测试。故选D。
What is the author's purpose of referring to Sam's broken bicycle?
作者在介绍分析问题的第一个步骤：认识到有问题时提到萨姆坏掉的自行车， 主要目的是为了举例说明怎么才算是认识到有问题，即如何分析问题。故选D。
What is the best title for this passage?
文章主要介绍了分析问题的六个阶段，所以最佳标题应与分析问题的阶段、步骤有关。故选C。