翻译题
Have there always been cities? The trend is cities are increasingly becoming the dominant mode of man's social existence. 【T1】It is virtually impossible to imagine that universities, hospitals, large businesses or even science and technology could have come into being without cities to support them, and cities have traditionally been the areas where there was a concentration of culture as well as of opportunity. 【T2】In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. Actually, long before this century started, there had begun a trend toward the concentration of the poor of the American society into the cities. Each great wave of immigration from abroad and from the rural areas made the problem worse. Within the cities, sections may be sharply divided into high and low rent districts, the "right side of town" and the slums. Of course, everyone wants to do something about this unhappy situation. But there is no agreement as to goals. Neither is there any systematic approach or integrated program. Opinions are as diverse as the people who give them. 【T3】But one basic difference of opinion concerns the question of whether or not the city as such is to be preserved. 【T4】And there is also the objection that the city has always been the core from which cultural advancement has radiated, but is this still the case today in the presence of easy transportation and communication? Does culture arise as a result of people living together communally, or is it too the result of decisions made at the level of government and the communications industry? Most people prefer to preserve the cities. Some think that the cities could be cleaned up or totally rebuilt. A great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. Living conditions could not help but improve, at least for a while. But would the problems return after the rebuilding was completed? Nevertheless, with the majority of the people living in urban areas, the problem of the cities must be solved. 【T5】From agreement on this general goal, we have, unfortunately, in the past proceeded to disagreement on specific goals, and from there to total inaction. At the basis of much of this inaction is an old-fashioned concept—the idea human conditions will naturally tend to regulate themselves for the general goal.
【答案解析】连词that引导从句that universities…support them，作动词imagine的宾语。连词or并列连接universities，hospitals，large businesses和science and technology这四项，共同在宾语从句中充当主语。介词短语without cities to support them作状语，修饰谓语could have come into being。come into being译为“形成，出现”。分句2是简单句，of culture和of opportunity并列，concentration译为“聚集地”。
问答题42.【T2】
【正确答案】然而，近些年来，人们开始意识到城市也是问题的聚集地。
【答案解析】该句主干为people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas。become 在这里是系动词，译为“变得”。that cities are also areas是that引导的宾语从句。where there is a concentration of problems是where引导的定语从句．修饰限定areas．其中介词短语of problems作定语限定concentration。
问答题43.【T3】
【正确答案】但是，一个基本的意见分歧是关于这座城市是否需要保留下来的问题。
【答案解析】该句主干为one basic difference of opinion concerns the question。concern译为“涉及”。介词短语of whether…be preserved作后置定语，修饰限定the question。preserve译为“保护”。介词短语as such作定语，修饰限定the city。
【答案解析】本句是一个并列句。分句1是复合句，主干为there is the objection。连词that引导同位语从句that the city has always been the core，其解释说明an objection。objection在此表示“反对”。from which引导定语从句from which cultural advancement has radiated，修饰限定the core。分句2是简单句，is this…the case today…是句子主干，in the presence of…是修饰today的介词短语，在此处作定语。
【答案解析】本句是一个简单句，主干是we have proceeded to disagreement on specific goals，and to total inaction，这里连词and连接的两个短语proceeded to disagreement on specific goals 和to total inaction并列作谓语，但在第二个短语中省略了proceeded。proceed译为“推进，进行”，specific译为“具体的”，inaction译为“无行动，不作为”。介词短语from agreement on this general goal和from there都作状语，修饰proceeded。介词短语in the past作时间状语。