单选题 All couples have problems and disagreements，so it’s critical that they learn how tocommunicate about them in a way that will be helpful instead of making them worse．I do notbelieve that prescribing specific techniques for communicating is as helpful as focusing on the coreattitudes behind the communication．My thoughts on effectively communicating about ANY difficultissue are in keeping with the ideas I used in the“assertiveness training”I did back in the 70s．What I learned was that I could tell people the“correct”words to use and“correct”body language．et@C@to be“assertive”--but none of it worked unless it eame from“inside”the person．In other words，your ability to communicate has more to do with your attitudes and beliefsabout your“right to know”and the degree of“equality”in the relationship，or lack there of and thedegree of“caring”involved between the two people than in whatever actual words or techniquesyou use．All these things are FAR more important than the“skills”．You can“t just”put on theskills like a coat and have them work．As I said，the words need to come as an outgrowth Of anattitude of genuinely wanting to effectively work on whatever problem is being discusse@D@Another similarity between learning how to effectively discuss a problem and how people learnto talk in an assertive manner is that even if you say everything“just right”(in accordance with theguidelines for using good communication skills)，there is no guarantee that the other person willreceive it in the way it is intende@D@For instance，with assertiveness，someone could perfectlyexecute an“assertive”conversation and still have it be interpreted as being“aggressive”．One way of determining the specific words that are more likely to be effective is to think interms of the“ego states”as defined by transactional analysis：“parent,adult,and child”．You’llhave more likelihood of success by approaching the discussion from an“adult”．problem-solvingway of talking．while avoiding using the“judgmental”words of a“parent”or the“hurt feelings”words of a“child”．The bottom line is that you don’t need specific communication skills so muchas you need to approach any conversation with a certain attitude：that the clear goal is to“improvethe relationship“rather than to just”criticize“and／or”change”the other person．With that spirit，you have a better chance of success；without it，all the communication skills in the world won’t beenough．

单选题 According to the author，“assertiveness”______．

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】解析：细节题。关键词是assertiveness，根据第一段最后一句话“but noneof…”，意思是“如果不是发自内心的情感。则这些assertiveness的方法都不会奏效”。选项D的意思是“如果不是真诚的态度的流露，则‘肯定’也不会起作用”，与原文相符，只是采用了同义词语替换，换了一种说法，故正确答案为D。A项的意思是“assertive是指沟通的特别技巧(specific techniques)”，但根据第一段内容，作者强调core attitudes behind the communication(assertiveness)，与specific techniques相对而言的，故两者不是等同概念；B项的意思是“使用语言要正确无误，并且身体动作要优雅”,这是对原文的“use the correct words and correct bodyLanguage”(使用正确的字眼和身势语言)的错误理解；根据第一段，assertiveness有助于互相沟通和消除冲突，而不是使之更加严重，故此C项的意思恰与之相悖。

单选题 What is considered by the author as much more important than specific techniques ineffective communication?______

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】解析：细节判断题。问题是“作者认为在有效沟通中什么比特别技巧更加重要”。原文第一段第二句说“我不认为开列出一些沟通的特别技巧会和关注沟通背后的核心态度一样有益”；第二段第一句说“换句话说，你的沟通能力更多地取决于你对你的知情权、两人关系的平等(或不平等)程度以及相互关爱的程度的态度和信念，而不是你具体使用了什么字眼或技巧。”选项B的意思是“隐藏在沟通背后的态度和信念更为重要”，很显然与原文意思一致。选项A的意思是“知情权更为重要”，选项C的意思是“彼此关系的平等程度”．选项D的意思是“相互关爱的程度”，根据原文第二段第一句，这三者都只是态度和信念的一个方面或具体体现，是以偏概全的干扰项。

单选题 Good communication skills cannot guarantee the effectiveness of the communicationbecause______．

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】解析：细节题。问的是“好的沟通技巧为什么不能确保有效的沟通”。本题问原因，根据第三段前果后因地分析，前一句话为“果”，大意为“学习有效地讨论问题与学会用自信的方式谈话之间另一个相似性是，即使你说的每一件事都是‘正确的’(与使用有效的沟通技巧的指南一致)，你也不能确保对方会按照你的初衷接受你的谈话”；后一句话为“因”．意思是“‘肯定’有时会被理解为‘强制”’。由此可见，选项A与原文一致。其他三个选项则脱离了原文。

单选题 By“think in terms of ‘ego states’”，the author means that______．

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】解析：词汇题。根据该短语的上下文的语义，尤其是第二句You’ll havemore likelihood…Words of a“child”，大意是“以成人的、解决问题的方式谈论问题成功的可能性较大，而同时应避免使用父母式的判断性词语或儿童式的受委屈的词语”，可以判断选项D的意思“我们应该用一种‘成年人的’解决问题的谈话方式进人讨论”，与原文相符。其他三个选项与原文意思相反。