单选题 Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human beings. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated with tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms of richness of life.
An alien exploring the Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominant, most distinctive feature—the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away, it is easy to realize that landmasses occupy one-third of the Earth's surface. Given that two-thirds of the Earth's surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean, the total three- dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct species.
The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750 000 species of insects. If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating between species, then the greatest diversity of life is unquestionably the sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some representation there.
To appreciate fully the diversity of abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water contains life on the order of 100 to 100 000 bacterial cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals, including larva's or organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more.
单选题 What is the main point of the passage?
  • A. Humans are destroying thousands of species.
  • B. There are thousands of insect species.
  • C. The sea is even richer in life than the rain forests.
  • D. Coral reefs are similar to rain forests.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 本文的要点是海洋中的生命比热带雨林中的生命更丰富。第二段说,远远望去,就很容易意识到陆地占地球表面的三分之一。考虑到地球表面的三分之二是水,海洋生物生活在海洋中,海洋中所有的三维生存空间也许是陆地上三维生存空间的100倍,而且可以容纳地球上全部生命的90%以上,尽管海洋中不同寻常的物种要少一些。
单选题 Why does the author compare coral reefs with rain forests (Para.1)?
  • A. They share many similar species.
  • B. They are approximately the same size.
  • C. Most of their inhabitants require water.
  • D. Both have many different forms of life.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 作者为什么把珊瑚礁同雨林进行比较?因为二者都含有多种生物。第一段末尾说,就生物的丰富程度而言,珊瑚礁可以同雨林相比。
单选题 The passage suggests that most rain forest species are ______.
  • A. insects
  • B. bacteria
  • C. mammals
  • D. birds
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 本文暗示,热带雨林中的大多数物种是昆虫。第三段开头说,已知的物种中有一半被认为栖息在雨林之中,这一事实似乎不令人吃惊,因为这里有大量的昆虫构成大多数物种。
单选题 The author argues that there is more diversity of life in the sea than in the rain forest because ______.
  • A. there are too many insects to make meaningful distinctions
  • B. more phyla and classes of life are represented in the sea
  • C. many insect species are too small to divide into categories
  • D. marine life-forms reproduce at a faster pace
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 作者认为,海洋中生物的多样性超过了雨林,因为有更多生物的家族谱系和纲呈现在海洋之中。根据第三段末尾,如果更强调基本的和主要的物种,如生物的谱系和纲,而不对它们进行区分,那么生命的多样性毫无疑问存在于海洋之中,几乎每一种主要的动物和植物都在海洋中有所体现。
单选题 Which of the following conclusions is supported by the passage?
  • A. Ocean life is highly adaptive.
  • B. Ocean life is primarily composed of plants.
  • C. The sea is highly resistant to the damage done by pollutants.
  • D. More attention needs to be paid to preserving ocean species and habitats.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 要更加注意保护海洋物种和栖息地。第一段后半部分说,关于地球上生物多样性的问题,已有大量的著述,尤其是与热带雨林特别丰富的生物有关的著述。然而,就海洋生物的多样性而言,则著述甚少。言下之意是:陆地上的生物,尤其是热带雨林中的生物受到了很好的保护,但海洋生物及其栖息地未受到很好的保护。