问答题 Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese on the ANSWER SHEET.
Without doubt, the international relations appear at times bewildering. Students may at times feel that their efforts to understand the complexities of the international system today are futile.
The task is a difficult one, but it is not futile. It requires patience and persistence as well as logical inquiry and flexible perspectives.

问答题 {{U}}As the examples just given often illustrate, contemporary international events are regularly interrelated; our task of achieving understanding is therefore further complicated because seemingly unrelated events in different areas of the world may over a period of time combine to affect still other regions of the globe.{{/U}} Events are demonstrably interdependent, and as we improve our ability to understand the causes of and reasons behind this interde pendence, we will improve our ability to understand contemporary international rela tions. How can our task best be approached? Throughout history, analysts of internation al relations have differed in their approaches to improving understanding in their field. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, for example, the study of interna tional relations centered around diplomatic history. Who did what to whom at a particular time and place were the main features of the method of diplomatic history. This methodol ogy concentrated on nation-states as the main actors in international relations and included the study of the major diplomats and ministers of the period. Detailed accuracy was re quired and obtained, but seldom were causal connections or comprehensive analyses sought.

问答题 {{U}}As a means for understanding a particular series of events, diplomatic history was (and is) excellent;as a means for understanding a particular sweep of international rela tions or for developing a theoretical basis for the study of international relations, diplomat ic history was (and is) of limited utility.{{/U}} Whereas diplomatic history sought to explain a particular series of events, other methodologies were developed during the 19th and early 20th centuries that viewed interna tional relations on a global scale.

问答题 {{U}}Strategic and geopolitical analyses, methodologies in wide use even today, trace their roots to concepts developed by the U. S. Admiral Alfred Mahan during the late 19th century, and British geographer Sir Halford Mackinder during the early 20th century.{{/U}} To Mahan the world's oceans were its highways, and whoever controlled its highways could control the course of international relations. Mahan bases most of his analysis on Great Britain and its Royal Navy. Partly because of the urgings of Mahan, the United States on Great Britain and its fleet during the late 19th century and actively sought and acquired ter ritorial possessions in the Pacific Ocean, including Hawaii, Samoa Guam and the Philip pines.