问答题 The line of demarcation between the adult and the child world is drawn in many ways. For instance, many American parents may be totally divorced from the church, or entertain grave doubts about the existence of God, but they send children to Sunday school and help them to pray. American parents struggle in a competitive world where sheer conning and falsehood are often rewarded and respected, but they feed their children with nursery tales in which the morally good is pitted against the bad, and in the end the good inevitably is successful and the bad inevitably punished. When American parents are in serious domestic trouble, they maintain a front of sweetness and light before their children. Even if American parents suffer a major business or personal catastrophe, they feel obliged to turn to their children and say, "Honey, everything is going to be all right." This American desire to keep the children"s world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident. Thus, in summary, American parents face a world of reality while many of their children live in a near-ideal unreal realm where the rules of the parental world do not apply, are watered down, or are even reversed.

问答题 The line of demarcation between the adult and the child world is drawn in many ways.

【正确答案】

【答案解析】成人世界与儿童世界分界线的划分有许多方式。 [解析] demarcation一词部分考生可能不很熟悉，但根据上下文the line...is drawn大致能猜出。英译汉时遇到生词不要慌，可借助构词法或上下文等猜测词义。英语被动句式的翻译方法多种多样，可以用被动译被动，使用“被”、“遭”、“受”、“挨”、“给”、“得到”、“为……所”等。也可颠倒主宾语、增加泛主语、化为无主语或译成系表结构。而本句则体现了被动结构的又一译法——打破原句型。过去分词drawn被译作名词，而被动句式则被译作存在句“有……”。这种打破原被动句式的例子有：
A bird may be known by its song. 什么鸟唱什么歌。
He is wedded to his opinions and nothing will change him. 他很固执，什么都改变不了他的观点。

问答题 For instance, many American parents may be totally divorced from the church, or entertain grave doubts about the existence of God, but they send children to Sunday school and help them to pray.

【正确答案】

【答案解析】比如，许多美国家长可以完全脱离于教会，或者对上帝的存在深表怀疑，但他们却送自己的孩子上主日学校，并帮助他们祈祷。 [解析] 有两处用词值得推敲，一处是be divorced from the church中的divorced，另一处是 entertain grave doubts中的entertain。这两个词没有根据其字面意思直译为“离婚”和“招待”，而是根据上下文，采用其引申义，分别译作“脱离于教会”和“对……深表怀疑”。
英语中marry和divorce的字面意思为“结婚”和“离婚”，但有些场合下英语使用了拟人的修辞手法，用人的行为marry和divorce描述两个事物的结合或分离(请注意，与这两个词对应的汉语用于比喻、拟人修辞的可能则很少)。如：
The show marries poetry with art.这场演出把诗歌同艺术结合了起来。
Religion cannot be divorced from morality.宗教不能和道德分离。
a marriage/divorce between ownership and control in the company公司所有权和控制权的结合/分离
entertain常见意思是“使娱乐，款待”，但还有“注意，考虑(意见，建议，感情)”的意思，翻译时要根据上下文选择适当的词，因此原文entertain grave doubts about the existence of God被译作“对上帝的存在深表怀疑”。下例则又将entertained hope译作“报……希望”：Washington entertained little hope of an early improvement in relations.华盛顿对早日改善关系不抱希望。

问答题 American parents struggle in a competitive world where sheer conning and falsehood are often rewarded and respected, but they feed their children with nursery tales in which the morally good is pitted against the bad, and in the end the good inevitably is successful and the bad inevitably punished.

【正确答案】

【答案解析】美国家长在一个竞争的世界上苦苦奋斗，在这个世界上狡诈和欺骗往往得到回报且受人尊敬，但他们却给孩子们灌输正义与邪恶做斗争、最终正义总是取得胜利而邪恶必然受到惩罚的童话故事。 [解析] 该句出现两个定语从句，第一个是连接副词where引导定语从句修饰world，翻译时可将句子从这里断开，分别译为两个独立句。先译主句“美国家长在一个竞争的世界上苦苦奋斗”，再将定语从句译成单独的一句，翻译时可重复先行词world，译成“在这个世界上”，然后引出从句内容。第二个定语从句则处于前置方位。
词的增加有时是出于语法考虑，有时是为了语义需求或增强修辞效果。原文American parents struggle in a competitive world译作汉语时增加了“苦苦”两字，突出了奋斗的艰辛，增强了语言的修辞效果。又如：
With enthusiasm, the Chinese people are building socialism with Chinese characteristics. 中国人民正以高度的热情建设具有中国特色的社会主义。
He started to talk, words pouring out.他开始滔滔不绝地讲个没完。
He is an energetic student who labored at his dissertation on the civilization of Europe.他精力充沛，孜孜不倦地撰写着有关欧洲文明的学位论文。
feed意为“给……喂食”，译文对该词义加以引申，所喂的不是食物，而是精神食粮——“故事”，因此将该词引申为“给……灌输”。nursery意为“托儿所”，nursery tale是指讲给婴幼儿听的故事，故引申为“童话故事”，但延伸和扩展不能脱离原文词义的基本范围。如：
There were times when emigration bottleneck was extremely rigid.当时对移民的限制极为严格。

问答题 When American parents are in serious domestic trouble, they maintain a front of sweetness and light before their children. Even if American parents suffer a major business or personal catastrophe, they feel obliged to turn to their children and say, "Honey, everything is going to be all right."

【正确答案】

【答案解析】在美国，夫妻失和时，仍然在子女面前表现出和蔼可亲的样子。即使在生意上或个人生活上遭了大难，美国家长也会觉得应该对自己的子女说：“宝贝，一切都会好起来的。” [解析] American parents在when引导的时间状语从句中作主语，译文将定语American提前并译作独立的状语“在美国”；in serious domestic trouble是介词短语作表语，但被译作谓语“失和”。译文打破原句的结构，改变了句子的成分。如：
The young man cast an impatient glance at the old man.年轻人不耐烦地瞧了那老人一眼。(定语译作状语)
People differ widely in their personalities. 人的个性有很大的不同。(主语译作定语)
There are several trees known as the tiger maples.有几棵树叫做虎枫树。(定语译作谓语)
In this world , things are complicated and are decided many factors. 世上的事情是复杂的，是由许多方面因素决定的。(状语译作定语)
High technologies are being rapidly developed in our country . 我国正迅速发展高技术。(状语译作主语)
A view of Mount Tai can be obtained here.从这里可以看到泰山。(主语译作谓语)
maintain的意思是“保持”，front指“前面，前线”，这里可引申为“(用来隐藏真实感情而装出的)模样”。maintain a front of...译作“表现出……样子”。
Parents are in serious domestic trouble被译作谓语“夫妻失和”，不仅改变了句子成分，且省略了domestic一词，如译成“家庭内部父母失和”就显得罗嗦了。sweetness(和蔼可亲)和light(轻松愉快)两词意思相近，译文有所省略，直接译作“和蔼可亲”。

问答题 This American desire to keep the children"s world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident.

【正确答案】

【答案解析】美国人想把孩子的世界与成人的世界分开的这一愿望，还反映在这样的事情上：如果有父母亲在事故中丧生，人们总是设法晚点将这一消息告诉他们的子女。 [解析] 主结构为This American desire is exemplified by the practice.不定式to keep the children"s world separate from that of the adult作定语修饰desire，代词that指代the world, delaying transmission of the news to children是介词of的宾语，该of短语作practice的定语，when their parents have been killed in an accident是状语从句修饰delaying。
原句较长，句子内部有很强的逻辑关系，本身为被动句式，还使用了不定式和介词短语作定语及状语从句。翻译时可将句子拆分，尤其是长定语结构的翻译，可在前面一部分完成后，使用冒号、破折号或增加“即”、“也就是说”等字眼，既保持原文顺序，又符合汉语表达习惯。译文便是使用冒号进一步说明事情的具体内容。

问答题 Thus, in summary, American parents face a world of reality while many of their children live in a near-ideal unreal realm where the rules of the parental world do not apply, are watered down, or are even reversed.

【正确答案】

【答案解析】因此，总的来说，美国家长面对的是一个现实世界，而他们的许多子女却生活在一个近乎理想的不真实的境界中，在这个境界中，家长所生活的世界里的规则是不适用的，是要打折扣的，或者甚至是颠倒的。[解析] water down原意为“用水稀释”。根据上下文，翻译时应对词义作引申，这里可理解为“削弱，使缓和”。译文还将被动结构are watered down译作主动式，并使用比喻“打折扣”表达这一概念，不仅表达恰如其分，且语言生动形象。另外，定语从句where the rules...也使用了拆分法，添加了“在这个境界中”，使修辞成分不至于过长。