单选题   In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog (齿轮) in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and 'human-relations' experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white collar workers have become economic puppets (木偶) who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
    The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
    Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
    Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century 'free enterprise' capitalism (资本主义)? Certainly not. Problems are not solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism (工业制度) in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of love and of reason—are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.
单选题     What does the author say about the employees with comfortable working conditions? ______
 
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】根据题干信息词comfortable working conditions定位到第一段，该段指出：“总体而言，我们的社会正在变成一个采用官僚式管理的巨大的企业，在其中，人变成了机械上的一个小小的、平滑的齿轮。高薪、通风良好的工厂、喇叭音乐、心理学家及‘人际关系’专家都是润滑油；然而，这些润滑油并没有改变这样的事实：人们变得无能了，不但没有全身心投入工作中，而且对工作感到厌烦。”由此可知，尽管工作条件良好，但是这些员工变得无能了，而且他们无法集中注意力。故本题应选A。 [参考译文] 总体而言，我们的社会正在变成一个采用官僚式管理的巨大的企业，在其中，人变成了机械上的一个小小的、平滑的齿轮。高薪、通风良好的工厂、喇叭音乐、心理学家及“人际关系”专家都是润滑油；然而，这些润滑油并没有改变这样的事实：人们变得无能了，不但没有全身心投入工作中，而且对工作感到厌烦。事实上，蓝领阶层及白领阶层已经变成和着自动化机械及官僚式管理的曲调翩翩起舞的经济玩偶。 工人和雇员都很焦虑，这不仅是因为他们可能会失业，也因为他们不能在生活中获得真正的满足感或兴趣。他们这一生从来没有作为在情感上和智力上独立且富有创造力的人，去直面过人类生存的那些基本现实。 那些位于上层社会的人们同样也很忧虑。他们的生活同中下层阶级的人一样空虚。在某些方面，他们更没安全感，因为他们就像身处一场高度紧张的竞赛。被晋升或降职不仅是薪水问题，更是一个人的自尊问题。第一次申请工作时，他们不仅得接受智力测验，而且也得接受综合考查其顺从性和独立性的测验。自那时起，他们就不断受到心理学家和上司的测验。测验对心理学家而言意味着“钱景”美好。上司通过测验来判断他们的行为、社交能力及与人相处的能力等。他们需要不断地证明自己与竞争对手同样优秀或者比对手更优秀。这会导致不断的忧虑和压力，而这正是痛苦及疾病的起因。 我是否在建议我们应回到工业化前的生产模式或回到19世纪“自由企业”资本主义时期呢?当然不是。回到已过时的时代从来不能解决问题。我建议把我们的社会制度从以最大限度生产和最大限度消费为目的的官僚主义管理工业体制转变成一个以充分发挥人的潜能(如爱和理性的潜能)为社会管理目标的人道主义工业体制。生产和消费只能作为达到这一目的的手段，而且要防止它们控制人类。
单选题     Why are employees anxious about themselves? ______
 
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】根据题干信息词employees和anxious定位到第二段。关于雇员们焦虑的原因，第二段指出：“工人和雇员都很焦虑，这不仅是因为他们可能会失业，也因为他们不能在生活中获得真正的满足感或兴趣。他们这一生从来没有作为在情感上和智力上独立且富有创造力的人，去直面过人类生存的那些基本现实。”结合原文中的real satisfaction or interest in life、the fundamental realities以及emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings可知，他们焦虑的原因是无法获得作为人应有的精神满足。故C项为正确答案。
单选题     What may those who are superior in position to others suffer from? ______
 
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据题干信息词superior in position定位到第三段第一句和第五句。第一句指出：“那些位于上层社会的人们同样也很忧虑。”第五句点明了原因：“被晋升或降职不仅是薪水问题，更是一个人的自尊问题。”根据这个因果关系可判断，身在高位的人也许会担心失去自尊。B项符合文意，故为答案。
单选题     In order to stay competitive at work, what are employees supposed to do? ______
 
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】根据题干信息词competitive定位到第三段最后一句。该句指出：“他们需要不断地证明自己与竞争对手同样优秀或者比对手更优秀。这会导致不断的忧虑和压力，而这正是痛苦及疾病的起因。”由此可推断，为了保证在工作中有竞争力，雇员们得冒着失去健康和幸福的危险。故D项与原文相符，为正确答案。
单选题     What does the author think of a humanist industrialism? ______
 
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】根据题干信息词humanist industrialism定位到最后一段最后两句。这两句指出：“……转变成一个以充分发挥人的潜能(如爱和理性的潜能)为社会管理目标的人道主义工业体制。生产和消费只能作为达到这一目的的手段，而且要防止它们控制人类。”由此可判断，人道主义工业体制能防止员工成为生产和消费的奴隶，而这正是第一段最后一句提到的economic puppets。A项符合文意，故为答案。