单选题 The potential of computers for increasing the control of organizations or society over their members and for invading the privacy of those members has caused considerable concern. The privacy issue has been raised most insistently with respect to the creation and maintenance of data files that assemble information about persons from a multitude of sources. Files of this kind would be highly valuable for many kinds of economic and social research, but they are bought at too high a price if they endanger human freedom or seriously enhance their opportunities of blackmailers. While such dangers should not be ignored, it should be noted that the lack of comprehensive data files has never before been the limiting barrier to the suppression of human freedom. Making the computer the villain in the invasion of privacy or encroachment on civil liberties simply divers attention from the real dangers. Computer data bank files can and must be given the highest degree of protection from abuse. But we must be careful also, that we do not employ such crude methods of protection as to deprive our society of important data it needs to understand its down social processes and to analyze its problems. Perhaps the most important question of all about the computer is what it has come and will do to man's view of himself and his place in the universe. The most heated attacks on the computer are not focused on its possible economic effects, its presumed destruction of job satisfaction, or its threat to privacy and liberty, but upon the claim that it causes people to be viewed, and to view themselves, as machines. What the computer and progress in artificial intelligence challenge are an ethic that rests on man's apartness from the rest of nature. An alternative ethic, of course, views man as a part of nature, governed by nature law, subject to the forces of gravity and the demands of his body. The debate about artificial intelligence and the simulation of man's thinking is, in considerable part, a confrontation of these two views of man's place in the universe.

单选题 Why is it important to prevent the abuse of computer data bands?

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】解析：根据文章第一段“The potential of computers for increasing the control of or—ganizations or society over their members and for invading the privacy of those membershas caused considerable concern．”可知，文章开门见山地指出：一些组织或团体利用计算机加强对其成员的监控，并侵犯其隐私权，这种现象已经引起了人们的高度重视。因此，为保护个人权利，防止计算机数据库的滥用变得至关重要。据此判断，答案是A。

单选题 Which of the following is not true about data files?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】解析：根据文章第三段第二句“Computer data bank files can and must be given thehighest degree of protection form abuse．But we must be careful also，that we do not em—ploy such crude methods of protection as to deprive our society of important data it needsto understand its down social processes and to analyze its problems．”可知，为了防止利用计算机资料库来限制人身自由和敲诈勒索等恶性犯罪行为，我们必须对其给予高度保护，防止滥用。但是也不能采用一些不成熟的方法。比如：限制某些团体为进行社会研究而使用它的权利。那么，同理，为了保护个人隐私就将其删除的行为同样是不成熟的行为。据此判断，答案是D。

单选题 Too much caution in the use of computers will______.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】解析：本题考查计算机数据的过度保护会导致什么。根据文章第三段第二、三句“But we must be careful also，that we do not employ such crude methods of protection asto deprive our society of important data it needs to understand its down social processes andto analyze its problems．”可知，对计算机数据资料使用的过度小心谨慎产生一些不成熟的、笨拙的保护方法。据此判断，答案是C。

单选题 What lessons can be learned from the past in this decade?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】解析：根据文章第一段“The potential of computers for increasing the control of or—ganizations or society over their members and for invading the privacy of those membershas caused considerable concern．”可知，文章开门见山地指出，一些组织或团体利用计算机加强对其成员的监控，并侵犯其隐私权的社会现象已经引起了广泛的关注。言外之意，这一问题一直被忽略了。据此推断，D项符合题意。

单选题 The arrival of the computer has made man______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】解析：根据文章第四段第二句“The most heated attacks on the computer are not fo一cused on its possible economic effects， its presumed destruction of job satisfaction， or itsthreat to privacy and liberty， but upon the claim that it causes people to be viewed， and toview themselves，as machines．”可知，文章指出对计算机最猛烈的抨击没有集中在经济上，也没有聚焦在可能对工作满意度的破坏或者它可能对隐私和自由产生的危险上，而是集中在人类被看做像机器一样，并且使得人类自身也把自己看作像机器一样。据此推断，B项符合题意。