Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.
School start times should be put back to combat a sleep-deprivation crisis among young people, a scientist has suggested. Paul Kelley, of the Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute at the University of Oxford, said young people in Britain were losing on average 10 hours‟ sleep a week, making them more sleep-deprived than a doctor on a 24-hour shift. Speaking at the British Science Festival in Bradford on Tuesday, Prof Kelley called for an end to early starts at schools, colleges and universities to “improve the lives of a generation”.
Kelley has been working with fellow Oxford neuroscientist Russell Foster and Steven Lockley of Harvard Medical School to push for a sea-change in the approach to sleep for children. They have been working with the Education Endowment Foundation and the Wellcome Trust on the Teensleep project, which Kelley said was the largest study of its kind and which aims to recruit 100 schools to trial different start times.
The recommendations arise from a deeper understanding of circadian rhythms—our internal body clock, which determines optimum levels of concentration, wakefulness and work ability. Ignoring our natural circadian rhythms could lead to exhaustion, frustration, anxiety, weight gain and hypertension, he said, and could make a person more prone to stimulant or alcohol use and risk-taking.
“This is a huge issue for the society,” Kelley said. “We are generally a sleep-deprived society, but the 14-24 age group is more sleep-deprived than any other sector of the society. This causes serious threats to health, mood performance and mental health.” The problem goes beyond merely feeling tired, Kelley said. Ira child gets less than six hours‟ sleep a night, over the course of a week this can lead to more than 700 changes in the way their genes behave.Similar changes are not seen in children who get eight-and-a-half-hour sleep a night. He said illnesses as serious as schizophrenia often developed at an age associated with the beginnings of sleep-deprivation problems.
Guy Meadows, a sleep physiologist at the Sleep School in London, agreed this was a problem that needed tackling.He said: “British children are among the most sleep-deprived in the world. There was a recent study which looked at 900,000 children globally. The US was top and Britain came the sixth. Sleep is vitally important to children, and it‟s when they develop mentally, physically and emotionally.”
一位科学家指出, 学校应当把上课时间推迟到上午 11 点, 以应对年轻人所面临的睡眠不足危机。 来自牛津大学睡眠和昼夜节律神经科学研究所的保罗· 凯利(Paul Kelley)表示, 英国的年轻人平均每周损失 10 小时睡眠时间, 这使他们比一个 24 小时轮班工作的实习医生更缺乏睡眠。 凯利教授在 8 日在布拉德福德举办的英国科学节上讲话时呼吁, 学校、 学院和大学取消清早上课的规定, 以“改善这一代人的生活”。
凯利教授曾 与牛津大学的神经系统科学家拉塞尔· 弗斯特(Russell Foster)和哈佛医学院(Harvard Medical School)的史蒂文·洛克利(Steven Lockley)共同努力推动儿童睡眠方式的一场巨变。 他们曾与教育捐助基金会和威康信托基金联手共同发起了青少年睡眠项目。 凯利教授表示, 这是此类项目中规模最大的, 旨在召集 100 所学校来进行不同上课时间的试点。
这些提议基于对昼夜节律(也就是我们内部的生物钟) 更深层的认识, 因为昼夜节律决定了我们的注意力、清醒状态和劳动能力何时能达到最佳水平。 他还说, 忽视人体自然的昼夜节律将会引发疲惫、 沮丧、 焦虑、 增重和高度紧张等症状, 还会使人更容易服用兴奋剂、 饮酒以及冒险。
凯利说: “这对社会来说是个不小的问题。 当今社会, 我们普遍都缺乏睡眠, 但年龄 14 到 24 岁的人群比任何其他年龄段的人都更缺乏睡眠。 这会严重威胁人们的健康、 情绪表现和精神健康。” 凯利说, 问题不仅仅是会觉得疲惫。如果一个儿童每晚的睡眠时间少于 6 小时, 这样持续一周, 将会导致基因行为方式发生 700 多个变化。同样的变化却不会发生在每晚睡 8.5 小时的儿童上。 他说, 像精神分裂症这种严重疾病的发病年龄通常与睡眠不足问题开始的年龄有关。
伦敦睡眠学校的睡眠生理学家盖伊· 梅多斯(Guy Meadows)也同意, 我们需要解决这个问题。 他说:“英国儿童现在是全世界儿童中最缺乏睡眠的人群之一。 最近有一项研究调查了全球 90 万名儿童的睡眠缺乏状况, 其中美国位列第一, 英国位列第六。 睡眠对儿童来说至关重要, 这是他们智力、 体力和情绪发育的时期。 ”