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It must feel good to be back on top—and this time, almost liked. Twenty years ago Microsoft was considered an evil empire, scheming for domination and involved in a fierce antitrust battle with America's Justice Department. Five years ago, having dozed through the rise of social media and smartphones, it was derided as a doddery has-been. Now, after several quarters—this month it reported revenue of $33.7bn, up by 12% year on year—Microsoft is once again the world's most valuable listed company, worth over $1trn. How did Satya Nadella, the boss since 2014, pull off this comeback? And what can the other tech giants learn from Microsoft's experience? First, be prepared to look beyond the golden goose. Microsoft missed social networks and smartphones because of its obsession with Windows, the operating system that was its main money-spinner. One of Mr. Nadella's most important acts after taking the helm was to deprioritize Windows. More important, he also bet big on the 'cloud'—just as firms started getting comfortable with renting computing power. In the past quarter revenues at Azure, Microsoft's cloud division, grew by 68% year on year, and it now has nearly half the market share of Amazon Web Services, the industry leader. Second, work with regulators rather than try to outwit or overwhelm them. From the start Microsoft designed Azure in such a way that it could accommodate local data-protection laws. Its president and chief legal officer, Brad Smith, has been the source of many policy proposals, such as a 'Digital Geneva Convention' to protect people from cyber-attacks by nation-states. He is also behind Microsoft's comparatively cautious use of artificial intelligence, and calls for oversight of facial recognition. The firm has been relatively untouched by the current backlash against tech firms, and is less vulnerable to new regulation. True, missing the boat on social media means thorny matters such as content moderation pose greater difficulties for Facebook and Google. Still, others would do well to follow Microsoft's lead. Apple has championed its customers' privacy, but its treatment of competitors' services in its app store may soon land it in antitrust trouble. Facebook and Google have started to recognize that with great power comes great responsibility, but each has yet to find its equivalent of Azure, a new business model beyond its original golden goose. Amazon, in its ambition and culture, most resembles the old Microsoft. Even a reformed monopolist demands scrutiny. It should not be forgotten that Microsoft got where it is today in part through rapacity. Critics argue that in its battle with Slack, a corporate-messaging service which competes with a Microsoft product, it is up to some of its old tricks. A growing number of women at the firm are complaining about sexual harassment and discrimination. The new Microsoft is far from perfect. But it has learned some lessons that other tech giants should heed.
单选题
Why was Microsoft derided as a doddery has-been according to Paragraph 1? ______
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】具体信息题。 题源揭示:本文源于2019年7月29日的The Economist(《经济学人》)。题目是What Microsoft's Revival Can Teach Other Tech Companies(《微软东山再起对其他科技公司的启示》)。 文章大意:本文主要探讨了微软公司的东山再起对其他科技公司的启示。首先,科技公司应目光长远,不贪图眼前利益。其次,贪婪未必有回报。再次,科技公司要与监管机构合作,而不是试图欺骗或压制它们。总而言之,微软公司的改革虽称不上完美,但其经验教训值得借鉴。 篇章结构: 题目问的是根据第一段的内容,为什么微软被嘲笑为明日黄花。根据题干关键词Paragraph 1和derided as a doddery has-been定位到第一段第三句。该句提到,五年前,微软错过了社交媒体和智能手机兴起的良机,因此被嘲笑为明日黄花。选项A和原文表述一致,故为正确答案。选项中的missed the boat on是原文having dozed through的同义替换,意为“错过”。 文章第二段第二句指出,微软痴迷于其摇钱树Windows操作系统而错失了社交网络和智能手机的发展机遇,故选项B“它痴迷于其摇钱树Windows操作系统”是导致其错失社交网络和智能手机的发展机遇的原因,而不是其被称为明日黄花的原因,该选项属于张冠李戴,而且本题是针对第一段的内容提问,应排除。文章第一段第二句指出,20年前,微软被认为是一个不怀好意的大企业,意图主宰计算机领域……,但文中并没有提及其是否成功主宰计算机领域,故选项C“它未能主宰计算机领域”属于无中生有,而且这也不是其成为明日黄花的原因,故排除。选项D“在过去几年里,其收益一直在下滑”原文并未提及,故应排除。 [参考译文] 重返巅峰的感觉一定很好——这一次基本上也不例外。20年前,微软被认为是一个不怀好意的大企业,意图主宰计算机领域,并卷入了一场与美国司法部之间的激烈的反垄断斗争。五年前,微软错过了社交媒体和智能手机兴起的良机,因此被嘲笑为明日黄花。如今,在经历了几个(业绩不俗的)季度之后——微软公布本月营收为337亿美元,同比增长12%——微软再次成为全球最有价值的上市公司,市值超过一万亿美元。2014年,萨蒂亚·纳德拉开始担任微软的总裁,他是如何让微软东山再起的?其他科技巨头能从微软此次的重生中学到什么? 首先,要目光长远,不贪图眼前利益。微软因痴迷于其摇钱树Windows操作系统而错失了社交网络和智能手机(的发展机遇)。纳德拉先生上任后最重要的举措之一就是降低Windows操作系统在公司的优先级。更重要的是,当企业开始适应计算机性能租赁时,他还在“云计算”上押下重注。上个季度微软云计算部门Azure的营收同比增长了68%,目前占据的市场份额接近行业龙头企业亚马逊网络服务公司的一半。 其次,与监管机构合作,而不是试图欺骗或压制它们。从一开始,微软就是以遵从本地数据保护法的方式来设计Azure的。总裁兼首席法务专员布拉德·史密斯一直以来提出了许多政策提议,比如旨在保护人们免受民族国家的网络攻击的“数字日内瓦公约”。他还支持微软相对谨慎地使用人工智能,并要求对面部识别技术进行监管。相对而言,微软没有受到目前对科技公司的抵制的影响,也不太容易受到新法规的影响。 诚然,对于脸书和谷歌来说一旦对社交媒体业务处理不当,就会面临内容审核等棘手问题,从而遭遇更大的困境。不过其他公司可以很好地效仿微软的做法。苹果公司提倡保护用户的隐私,但它在其应用商店中对竞争对手的服务的处理方式,可能很快会让它陷入反垄断的困境。脸书和谷歌已经开始认识到,实力越大,责任越大,但这两家公司都尚未找到一个超越其最初的“下金蛋的鹅”的,能与Azure对等的新商业模式。而亚马逊的雄心和企业文化与昔日的微软最为相似。 即使是改革后的垄断者也需要接受审查。我们不应忘记,微软之所以能取得今天的成就,部分原因也在于其贪婪。批评人士表示,在与企业信息服务商Slack的产品竞争中,微软使用了一些老把戏。此外,微软公司越来越多的女员工抱怨曾遭到性骚扰和性别歧视。改革后的微软公司还远远称不上完美。但它吸取了一些教训,其他科技巨头应该引以为戒。
单选题
The top-priority initiative taken by Mr. Nadella after he took office was ______.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】具体信息题。 题目问的是纳德拉上任后最优先采取的举措是什么。根据题干关键词Mr. Nadella和top-priority initiative定位至文章第二段第三句,其中题干中的the top-priority initiative是文中one of...most important acts的同义替换。该句指出,纳德拉上任后最重要的举措之一是降低Windows操作系统的优先级,故选项C“降低Windows在微软公司的优先级”是原文的同义表述,为正确答案。 原文第二段最后一句提到,上个季度微软云计算部门Azure的营收同比增长了68%,云计算部门的收入确实提高了,但这并不是纳德拉采取的措施,故选项A“提高微软云计算部门的收入”答非所问,应排除。原文第二段第四句提到,当企业开始适应计算机性能租赁时,纳德拉在“云计算”上押下重注,这是否是纳德拉一上任就采取的举措,原文并未指出,故选项B“更加重视‘Azure’的开发”应排除。选项D“鼓励员工创造和创新”原文并未提及,属于无中生有,应排除。
单选题
According to Paragraph 3, the purpose of 'Digital Geneva Convention' put forward by Brad Smith was to ______.