【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[听力原文] Today I will talk about nursing home neglect. The problem can occur anywhere and can take many shapes. What makes this particularly dangerous is that it can be overlooked or ignored for so long. Even upon repeated visits to a nursing home, the signs of nursing home neglect can remain hidden. In order to understand the scope of the problem, it is important to know the different types of nursing home neglect. First, personal cleanliness neglect. For some elderly nursing home residents, standards of personal cleanliness are difficult to maintain without assistance from staff. Without external help, residents are left to shift for themselves for a clean change of clothes or even such basics as oral cleanliness. Victims of nursing home neglect may not receive the help they need with bathing and general cleanliness. Second, basic needs neglect. Though families often decide nursing homes are the best place for their elderly loved ones to receive care, nursing home neglect may take the form of a failure to provide basic needs. Food and water are the building blocks of life, but a common problem for victims of nursing home neglect is thirst and malnutrition. Third, medical neglect. As with basic needs, most families assume that a nursing home will provide the necessary medical care for their loved ones. This is not always the case. Pressure sores, or bed sores, are a major problem in nursing homes and result from remaining in a seated or lying position for a great length of time; they must be dealt with in a timely manner to preserve patient health. Untreated cuts, too, must be dealt with quickly to prevent systemic infection in elderly, immune-compromised patients. Additionally, many elderly people need medicine to survive. In countless cases nursing homes fail to treat entirely. Fourth, emotional neglect. One of the most difficult types of nursing home neglect to identify does not manifest itself in obvious physical signs. Emotional neglect can be as harmful as any physical neglect but can be much more subtle in its manifestation. Overburdened staff can often let the stress of their everyday tasks prevent friendly interaction with residents. Elderly people are susceptible to depression and may retreat to their rooms, withdraw from social activities, and be in need of emotional support and connection. Why is it hard for the elderly residents to maintain personal cleanliness in nursing homes? 录音提到养老院的一些老人由于无法获得工作人员的帮助(without assistance from staff)，个人卫生很难保持，故选B项。A项“他们太懒”、C项“养老院住的老人太多”和D项“他们不在意个人卫生”均未提及。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[听力原文] What causes pressure sores of the elderly residents in nursing homes? 录音提到养老院老人的褥疮(pressure sores/bed sores)是他们长期保持坐或者躺的姿势造成的(seated or lying position for a great length of time)，因此选A项。B项中的malnutrition有在录音中提到，录音是讲老人基本生活需要被忽视时，会有缺水和营养不良等问题，但与本题无关。录音提到老人未处理的伤口必须尽快进行处理，因为老人免疫力下降(immune-compromised)，容易引起全身感染，但免疫力下降并不是造成褥疮的原因，排除C项。录音还提到许多老人需要药物来维持生命，但是养老院的工作人员经常都没有给予老人足够的药物或其他治疗，D项“他们没有服用足够的药”符合事实，但也不是造成褥疮的原因，排除D项。

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[听力原文] What do we learn about emotional neglect? 录音提到对老人情感上的忽视可以和任何一种身体上的忽视一样后果严重(can be as harmful as any physical neglect)，因此本题选C项。录音提到对养老院老人的情感忽视是其中一种最难被发现的忽视。但并未表示“情感上的忽视是最严重的一种忽视”，因此A项不正确。录音提到情感上的忽视比身体上的忽视表现得更为微妙(subtle)，因此B项“情感上的忽视比身体上的忽视更容易被发现”不正确。录音只提到负担过重的养老院工作人员因为日常事务过多，跟老人进行的交流不够，并未提到对老人情感上的忽视是由于其家人过少的探望造成的，因此D项不正确。