Three scales of temperature, each of which permits a precise measurement, are in concurrent use: the Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scales. These three different temperature scales were each developed by different people and have come to be used in different situations.
The scale that is most widely used by the general public in the United States is the Fahrenheit scale. In 1714, Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, a German physicist who was living in Holland and operating an instrument business, developed a mercury-in-glass thermometer and the temperature scale that still carries his name. His original scale had two fixed points: 0° was the lowest temperature that he could achieve in a solution of ice, water, and salt, and 96° was what he believed was the normal temperature of the human body (though this was later determined to be 98.6°). Based on this scale, he calculated that the freezing point (or ice point) of water was 32°; in later studies, it was determined that the boiling point of water (the steam point) was 212°. The Fahrenheit scale came to be accepted as the standard measure of temperature in a number of countries, including Great Britain, and from there it was spread to British colonies throughout the world. Today, however, the United States is the only major country in the world that still uses the Fahrenheit scale.
The scale that is in use in many other countries is the Celsius scale. Anders Celsius (1701-1744), a Swedish astronomer, developed a thermometer in 1741 that based temperatures on the freezing and boiling temperatures of water. On the thermometer that Celsius developed, however, 0° was used to indicate the boiling temperature of water, and 100° was used to indicate the freezing temperature of water. After his death, the scale was reversed by a friend, the biologist Carl yon Linne(1707-1748), who achieved acclaim for his development of the Linnean classification system for plants and animals. On the new scale after the reversal by yon Linne, 0° indicated the freezing temperature of water, and 100° indicated the boiling temperature of water. At around the same time that Celsius and yon Linne were working on their thermometer in Sweden, a similar thermometer was being developed in France. After the French Revolution, the scale developed in France was adopted as part of the metric system in that country under the name centigrade, which means "a hundred units" and from there it spread worldwide. In 1948, an international agreement was made to rename the centigrade scale the Celsius scale in honor of the scientist who was first known to use a 100-degree scale, though it should be remembered that the scale that Celsius actually used himself was the reverse of today's scale.

单选题 Which of the following is NOT true about the Celsius scale, according to the passage? ______

单选题 The word "fixed" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.

单选题 What is stated in the passage about the temperature scale developed by Fahrenheit? ______

单选题 The word "it" in paragraph 2 refers to ______.

单选题 The author refers to "many other countries" in paragraph 3 in order to ______.

单选题 The word "reversed" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

单选题 The word "adopted" in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by ______.

单选题 Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 3? ______

单选题 Look at the four squares, , , and

单选题 A hypothetical temperature in paragraph 4 is one that ______.

单选题 It can be inferred from the passage that a temperature of 50° centigrade would be equal to ______.

填空题 Directions: Select the appropriate sentences from the answer choices and match them to the temperature scales to which they relate. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used. The question is worth 3 points.
Fahrenheit scale
·______
·______
Modern Celsius scale
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Kelvin Scale
·______

• [A] Water freezes at 0° and boils at 100°.
• [B] Water freezes at 273° and boils at 373°.
• [C] Water freezes at 100° and boils at 0°.
• [D] Water freezes at 32° and boils at 212°.
• [E] 0° is the temperature at which saltwater boils.
  
• [F] 0° is equal to the freezing temperature of water.
  
• [G] 0° was what was believed to be the lowest possible temperature of a solution of saltwater and ice.