单选题 As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.
The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious (有营养的) foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely "not ill" and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body"s special needs. Both types have simply been called "well". In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms "well" and "wellness" only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health.
People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body"s condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be "well" in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations.
"Wellness" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.
单选题 Today medical care is placing more stress on ______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 细节题。题干意为“今天的医疗保健更注重”。根据题干today the medical care定位至第一段,当今社会医疗保健的侧重点已经从治疗疾病转向预防疾病,尤其是注重改变我们的一些不健康的行为。C选项(改变人们不好的生活习惯)符合题意,故C为正确答案。
单选题 Which of the following behaviors is not healthy according to the writer? ______
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 细节题。题干意为:“作者认为以下哪种行为是不健康的?”根据题干behaviors和not healthy定位至第一段后半部分,其中讲到,不健康的行为包括不良的饮食习惯、吸烟和缺乏体育锻炼。显然B选项(吸烟)符合题意,故B为正确答案。
单选题 Traditionally, a person is considered "well" if he ______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 细节题。题干意为“传统意义上讲,一个人被认为是‘健康的’,如果他”。根据题干traditionally定位原文至第三段第一句,传统医学界并没有明确区分“不生病”和“身体健康”,即认为“不生病”就是“健康的”。由此推断,D选项(不生病)符合题意,故D为正确答案。
单选题 According to the author, the true meaning of "wellness" is for people ______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 释义题。题干意为“根据作者,‘健康’的真正含义是对人们来讲能够”。根据题干wellness定位原文至第三段最后一句,其中those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health对wellness作出解释,即“健康”的人应是那些积极努力维持并且改善他们健康状况的人。文章第四段对这一观点作了进一步的详细阐释。B选项(努力保持最健康的状态)与其意思一致,故B为正确答案。
单选题 According to what the author advocates, which of the following groups of people would be considered healthy? ______
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 是非判断题。题干意为“根据作者所倡导的,下面哪群人被认为是健康的?”。A“拥有发达肌肉和苗条身材的人”;B“当前没有表现出任何生病征兆的人”;C“尽管有身体局限但仍努力保持健康的人”;D“即使没有医疗保健也能恢复健康的人”。根据第四段最后一句可推知c选项符合题意,其他三项在原文均未提及,故C为正确答案。