单选题 Awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1918, German physicist Max Planck is best remembered as the originator of the quantum theory. His work helped usher in a new era in theoretical physics and revolutionized the scientific community's understanding of atomic and subatomic processes. Planck introduced an idea that led to the quantum theory, which became the foundation of 20th century physics. In December 1900, Planck worked out an eqation that described the distribution of radiation accurately over the range of low to high frequencies. He had developed a theory which depended on a model of matter that seemed very strange at the time. The model required the emission of eletromagnetic radiation in small chunks or particles. These particles were later called quantums. The energy associated with each quantum is measured by multiplying the frequency of the radiation,v, by a universal constant, h. Thus, energy, or E, equals hv. The constant, h, is known as Planck's constant. It is now recognized as one of the fundamental constants of the world. Planck announced his findings in 1900, but it was years before the full consequences of his revolutionary quantum theory were recognized. Throughout his life, Planck made significant contributions to optics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, physical chemistry, and other fields. In 1930 he was elected president of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, which was renamed the Max Planck Society after World War Ⅱ. Though deeply opposed to the facist regime of Adolf Hitler, Planck remained in Germany throughout the war. He died in Gottingen on October 4,1947.

单选题 In which of the following fields did Max Planck NOT make a significant contribution?
A. Optics. B. Thermodynamics.
C. Statistical mechanics. D. Biology.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 马克斯·普兰克在以下哪个领域没有作出重大贡献?生物学。短文倒数第四句说,普兰克一生为光学、热动力学、统计力学、物理化学以及其他领域做出了重要的贡献,没有提到生物学。
单选题 The word "revolutionary" which is underlined in the passage, means ______.
A. dangerous B. extremist
C. momentous D. militarist
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 短文中划线的词语revolutionary意思是momentous(重大的,重要的)。A(dangerous危险的)、B(extremist极端主义的)和D(militarist军国主义的)均是贬义词,与全文的基调不符。revolutioary是个褒义词,意为“革命性的’’或‘‘完全创新的”,与momentous是近义词。
单选题 It can be inferred from the passage that Planck's work led to the development of which of the following?
A. The rocket. B. The atomic bomb.
C. The internal combustion engine. D. The computer.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 可以根据短文推断,普兰克的工作导致以下哪种事物的产生?原子弹。根据本文第二句,他的工作引领理论物理学进入了一个新时代,彻底改变了科学界对原子和亚原子活动过程的看法。
单选题 The implication in this passage is that ______.
A. only a German physicist could discover such a theory
B. quantum theory, which led to the development of 20th century physics, is basically a mathematical formula
C. Planck's constant was not discernible before 1900
D. radiation was hard to study
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 本文暗示,导致20世纪物理学发展的量子理论基本上是一个数学公式。根据本文第三句和第四句,普兰克提出的一个观点导致量子理论的产生,该理论成为20世纪物理学的基础。1900年12月,普兰克确立了一个方程,准确地描述射线低频和高频值域的分布情况。