阅读理解
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more as of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposite; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with violent changes. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
单选题
The following factors tend to promote social change except______.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】事实细节题。原文第一段在讨论哪种社会更容易出现社会变化时提到了更容易经常发生社会变迁的社会有different kinds of people，ideas，more disagreements in interest以及different beliefs，因此A、B、C有提及，而D没有提及，为答案。
单选题
The expression "greater tolerance" (Para. 1) refers to"______".
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】推理判断题。前文提到在更容易发生社会变迁的社会有更多不同的思想和观点，也有更多的不同利益，然后说there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies，因此这种包容应该是对这些不同的包容，答案选A。B、C、D原文未提及。
单选题
According to the passage, which of the following is true within a society?
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】事实细节题。原文说社会变迁更容易经常发生在物质领域而不是非物质领域，并举例说in technology rather than in values；in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early，因此A、B错误。还说in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposite，这说明基本的和感情上的东西会减缓社会变迁，C正确。原文还说in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements，说明奇怪的因素易导致社会变迁，D错误。
单选题
Social change is easier if it takes place______.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】事实细节题。原文最后一段说social change is easier if it is gradual，A项是对此的同义转述。原文提到Black Americans是对it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with violent changes的举例说明，B、C、D都不符合原文。