单选题 Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Protests at the use of animals in research have taken a new and fearful character in Britain with the attempted murder of two British scientists by the terrorist technique of the pre-planted car-bomb.
The research community will rightly be alarmed at these development, which have two objectives: to arouse public attention and to frighten people working in research with animals. The first need is that everything should be done to identify those responsible for the crimes and to put them on trial. The Defence Research Society has taken the practical step of offering a reward of 10,000 pounds for information leading to those responsible, but past experience is not encouraging. People are unlikely to be tempted by such offers. The professional police will similarly be confronted by the usual problem of finding a needle in a haystack.
That is why the intellectual community in Britain and elsewhere must act more vigorously in its own defence. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people. And it will not be enough for the chairman and chairwoman of these organizations to utter placatory statements on behalf of all their members. These people should also undertake that it will be a test of continuing membership in their organizations that members and would-be members should declare that they will take no part in acts of violence against human beings. Even such undertakings would not be fully effective: people, after all, can lie. But at least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voice in the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals in research from the organizations that deserve no say.

单选题 This passage is mainly about ______.

A、 what to be done to avoid violence against the scientists involved in animal research.
B、 the people's anger about the animal research.
C、 the ignorance of some people who wanted to defend animals.
D、 the inability of British police to catch the criminals.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[答案详解] 第一段只是介绍了事件的发生，引出问题，并不是文章的主旨，通常，文章的大意多半出现在开头的第一段，一般都是开门见山式，但本篇不同。B、C、D三个选项都只阐述了与事件相关的一个方面。综合全文可知，文章的主旨在最后一段。

单选题 The first thing to be done was to ______.

A、 find out the criminals and punish them
B、 find out the criminals and put them in front of the judge
C、 call the police and put safeguards around the scientists
D、 call for the people to fight against the criminals

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[答案详解] 解题的依据是第二段的第二句话：The first need is that everything should be done to identify those responsible for the crimes and to put them on trial．A项的干扰最大，文中只提到要受审，并未提到惩罚；C和D项都未提及，故不对。根据短文的陈述，B项最接近。

单选题 According to the author, the word "placatory" means ______.

A、 encouraging
B、 defensive
C、 rebellious
D、 comforting

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[答案详解] placatory的意思是“安抚的”。根据短文，主席们应当承担许多责任，而不是仅仅说些安慰的话。B项的干扰最大，意思是“捍卫的，辩护的”。

单选题 In the last line of paragraph 2, "find a needle in a haystack" implies ______.

A、 the importance of the case
B、 the responsibility of the police
C、 the difficulty of the problem
D、 the seriousness of the problem

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[答案详解] find a needle in a haystack的字面意思是“在干草堆里找一根针”。而在文中，该短语表达的意思是指难度很大，与汉语中的“大海捞针”同义。故C正确。

单选题 Which of the following is mentioned in the last paragraph?

A、 The police must take vigorous measures to defend the scientists.
B、 The organizations should make sure about their members' positions on violence against men.
C、 The chairman and chairwoman should take on the responsibility to protect their members.
D、 The organizations should cooperate with the police to ensure the security of the members.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[答案详解] 见第三段第二句话中的“they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people”。B项的内容最接近，A项内容在文中未提及，C项所说的与最后一段的内容不符，D项说组织机构和警察合作，在文中也未提及，故不对。