Space is a dangerous place, not only
because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars.
The atmosphere again acts {{U}}(62) {{/U}} our protective blanket on
{{U}}(63) {{/U}}. Light gets through, and this is essential
{{U}}(64) {{/U}} plants to make the food which we {{U}}(65)
{{/U}}. Heat, {{U}}(66) {{/U}}, makes our environments tolerable and
some ultraviolet rays (紫外线) penetrate the {{U}}(67) {{/U}}. Cosmic (宇宙的)
rays of various kinds come {{U}}(68) {{/U}} the air from outer space,
but {{U}}(69) {{/U}} quantities of radiation from the sun are screened
off. As {{U}}(70) {{/U}} as men leave the atmosphere they are
{{U}}(71) {{/U}} to this radiation; {{U}}(72) {{/U}} their
spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, {{U}}(73)
{{/U}} prevent a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the
greatest known danger to explorers in {{U}}(74) {{/U}}. Doses of
radiation are measured in {{U}}(75) {{/U}} called "rems (雷姆)". We all 76
radiation here on earth from the sun, from cosmic rays and from radioactive
minerals. The "{{U}} (77) {{/U}} "dose of radiation that we receive each
year is about 100 millirems; it {{U}}(78) {{/U}} according to where you
live, and this is a very rough estimate. Scientists have reason to think
{{U}}(79) {{/U}} a man can {{U}}(80) {{/U}} up with far more
radiation {{U}}(81) {{/U}} this without being damaged; the figure of 60
rems has been agreed.
【答案解析】惯用搭配题。be essential for意为“对…来说是首要的,基础的”,是惯用搭配,所以D正确。
[考点]
essential意为“必需的,基本的,本质的”,词义比necessary更强,也更郑重。就事物的本质而言,含义比较绝对,如:It is essential for us to try to decide whether television is a blessing or a curse.我们有必要来评判电视到底是福还是祸。
【答案解析】词义辨析题。shift意为“移动”,convert意为“转换”,modify意为“修改”,vary意为“变化”。结合句意可知,所处地点不同,所受辐射量也不一样,所以D正确。
[考点]
convert 和 change意思相同,但convert通常指“从某种状态、某种用途、某种意向转变为另一种状态、用途和意向”,如水化为蒸汽、荒地变为良田、化喜为悲、改变信仰等。change是最通俗的词,可以指各方面的改变。
modify相当于make different,多用于指“修改计划、契约,改变方法、制度等”,如:The terms of the contract have been modified.该合同的条款已经修改过了。
shift强调转换,指“由一个人或结构到另一个的转变,或位置的变换、更替等”,如:The teacher shifted the chairs around in the classroom.那位教师挪动了教室里的椅子。
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】逻辑衔接题。该从句并不缺少句子成分,故排除what和which;语法上看why和that都可以,这就要从意思及逻辑上判断。此句和下一句间用的是分号,分析它们之间的关系。下句中有60 rems,而之前有提到100 millirems再看本句,不难发现far more radiation_____this正是这两个数字的比较。也就是分号后的句子只是对分号前信息的进一步说明即为什么是far more,而不是讲have reason to think的原因,故选C。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】惯用搭配题。put up with意为“忍受”,符合句意,所以A正确;其他三项均为“跟上,赶上”之意,故排除。