American suffers from an overdose of
work.{{U}} (1) {{/U}}who they are or what they do, they spend{{U}}
(2) {{/U}}time at work than at any time since World WarⅡ. In 1950, the
US had fewer working hours than any other{{U}} (3) {{/U}}country. Today,
it{{U}} (4) {{/U}}every country but Japan, where industrial employees
log 2,155 hours a year compared{{U}} (5) {{/U}}1,951 in the US and
1,603{{U}} (6) {{/U}}West employees. Between 1969 and 1989, employed
American{{U}} (7) {{/U}}an average of 138 hours to their yearly work
schedules. The work-week{{U}} (8) {{/U}}at about 40 hours, but people
are working more weeks each year.{{U}} (9) {{/U}}, paid time off —
holidays, vacations, sick leave —{{U}} (10) {{/U}}15 percent in the
1990s. As Corporations have{{U}} (11) {{/U}}stiffer
competition and slower growth in productivity, they would{{U}} (12)
{{/U}}employees to work longer. Cost-cutting layoffs in the 1980s{{U}}
(13) {{/U}}the professional and managerial ranks, leaving fewer people
to get the job done. In lower-paid occupations,{{U}} (14) {{/U}}wages
have been reduced, workers have added hours{{U}} (15) {{/U}}overtime or
extra jobs to{{U}} (16) {{/U}}their living standard. The Government
estimates that more than seven million people hold a second job.
For the first time, large{{U}} (17) {{/U}}of people say they want
to cut{{U}} (18) {{/U}}on working hours, even if it means earning less
money. But most employers are{{U}} (19) {{/U}}to let them do so. The
government which has stepped back from its traditional{{U}} (20)
{{/U}}as a regulator of work time, should take steps to make shorter hours
possible.
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接题。文章开头第一句话就提到,美国人正suffers from an overdose of work,那么此处需要选择一个与overdose同义的词。[A]much less意为“少很多”,与文意相反;[B]abundant“充足的,丰富的”,多表褒义;而[D]Surplus意为“过剩的,多余的”,无法与文意衔接。由此可以判断,本题答案为[C]a lot more“许多的,更多的”。
[点拨] 做完形填空题时,应学会“瞻前顾后”,因为很多信息,可以在上下文中得到提示。此处的 a lot more 正照应前面提到的 overdose。
【答案解析】[解析] 惯用衔接题。本题要选一个介词与compare搭配,表示“相比较”。这里指对于工人一年的劳动时间,日本的2,155小时、美国的1,951小时和西欧的1,603小时构成比较关系。compare with“与…相比较”; compare to“把…比作…”,固此答案为[A]。而[C]in和[D]on与compare不搭配。
[点拨] compare A with B“将A与B相比较”;compare A to B“将A比作B"。
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接题。联系上下文,本句下半句but后面意为“人们每年工作的周数增加了”,根据but判断,上半句与此意是转折关系,那么肯定是在说“工人每周工作的时间减少了或者是没有增减”。文章总体思路是在说工作时间的增加,所以不可能是减少,因此可以确定,上半句的意思是“工人每周工作的时间不变”。表示不变的选项只有[D]remained“保持”。[C]set表示“设定”的时候,需要用被动形式be set as...;而[A]arrived“到达”和[B]stopped“停止”均不能与文意衔接。所以本题答案为[D]remained。
【答案解析】[解析] 惯用衔接题。选项动词用于v. sb. to do sth.结构,据此可以将选择范围缩小到[C]、[D],urge sb. to do sth.“督促,鞭策某人做某事”,oblige sb. to do sth.“强迫、迫使某人做某事”,但oblige的主语只能是事物,不能是人,所以排除[D]选[C]。[A]squash“压扁;推挤;镇压”、[B]squeeze“压挤;挤入”,后面直接跟sth.或 sb.做宾语,不用于v. sb. to do sth.结构,同时意思上也不符合本句“催促工人工作更长的时间”之义。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接题。这里指减少了专业人员和管理阶层。[A]minimize指“努力使损失或风险(loss/ risk)等尽可能地减少”;[B]reduce“在范围、数量上或程度上减少”;[C]lessen表示“数量(distance/chance)或程度(influence/suffering/pressure)的减少”;[D]relieve表示“减轻(症状),缓和(局面)”等。很显然,[B]更能与文意衔接。本题答案为[B]。
[点拨] [A]minimize指“努力使损失或风险(loss/risk)等尽可能地减少”,如:minimize input complexity “尽可能地减少和简化输入”;[B]reduce“在范围、数量上或程度上减少”,如:reduce the number of places to go “减少目的地数量”。
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接题。根据上题分析,表示提高生活水平的词语[C]improve“改进,改善”最常用。improve their living standard“改善生活状况”;[A]preserve意为“保留,收藏”,强调使之完好无损或质量不变;[B] conserve意为“保存,保藏,保重”,强调通过保存或节约来到达持久的效果,一般与energy,health,resources等连用;[D]protect“保护”,则完全不能与文意相衔接。所以本题答案为[C]improve。
[点拨] 选项[B]conserve强调“少使用以达到长久的效果”,还有“对…加以保护以防止被改变或被破坏”的意思。
【答案解析】[解析] 惯用衔接题。根据句意,很多人都表示,愿意减少工作时间,哪怕是少挣钱。本空所选词要与cut连用,表示减少。[A]cut off“切断”;[B]cut out“不再起作用,停止做”;[C]cut back on sth.“大量削减”;[D]cut down on sth.“减少数量”。所以本题答案为[D]。
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接题。本句谈到政府的作用。观察四个选项,所选词应该与regulator照应。[A]position“位置”与[C]task“任务”可首先排除。主要区分[B]function和[D]role的区别。function主要指自身所具有的功能,如:The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body.“心脏的功能就是为身体供血”。而role侧重指作为某一角色或处在某一位置上所发挥的作用,如:The media play a major role in influencing people’s opinions.“媒体在影响人们的观点方面发挥了主要作用”。本题选[D]role更能衔接文意。traditional role as a regulator of work time“作为调整劳动时间的传统意义的角色”。所以本题答案为[D]。