单选题  
单选题    
 
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[听力原文] During the production of speech, when babies listen, what they're doing is taking statistics on the language that they hear. And what we've learned is that babies are sensitive to the statistics, and the statistics of Japanese and English are very, very different. English has a lot of Rs and Ls, while the language of Japanese is totally different. For example, a group of intermediate sounds of English is known as the Japanese 'R.'. So babies absorb the statistics of the language and it changes their brains; it changes them from the citizens of the world to the culture-bound listeners that we are. But we as adults are no longer absorbing those statistics. We're governed by the representations in memory that were formed early in development. So what we're seeing here is changing our models of what the critical period is about. We're arguing from a mathematical standpoint that the learning of language material may slow down when our distributions stabilize. It's raising lots of questions about bilingual people. Bilinguals must keep two sets of statistics in mind at once and flip between them, one after the other, depending on who they're speaking to. So we asked ourselves, can the babies take statistics on a brand new language? And we tested this by exposing American babies who'd never heard a second language to Mandarin for the first time during the critical period. We knew that, when monolinguals were tested in Taipei and Seattle on the Mandarin sounds, they showed the same pattern. Six to eight months, they're totally equivalent. Two months later, something incredible happens. But the Taiwanese babies are getting better, not the American babies. What we did was expose American babies during this period to Mandarin. It was like having Mandarin relatives come and visit for a month and move into your house and talk to the babies for 12 sessions. So what have we done to their little brains? We had to run a control group to make sure that just coming into the laboratory didn't improve your Mandarin skills. So a group of babies came in and listened to English. And we find that exposure to English didn't improve their Mandarin. But look at what happened to the babies exposed to Mandarin for 12 sessions. They were as good as the babies in Taiwan who'd been listening for 10-and-a-half months. What it demonstrated is that babies take statistics on a new language. Whatever you put in front of them, they'll take statistics on. What do we learn about babies' production of speech? 录音开头提到在婴儿的语言产生阶段,当他们听人说话时会统计该语言的相关数据,婴儿对统计非常敏感,D为该处的同义表达,故为正确答案。 录音并未提及婴儿不能发音,故A错误。录音提到R音存在于英语和日语中,并未说这是婴儿一开始能发的音,故B错误。录音提到婴儿对语言的统计数据非常敏感,且在他们大脑中英语和日语的统计数据是非常不同的,说明他们的大脑至少能区分英语和日语,C“婴儿根本不能区分英语和日语”与此相悖,故排除。
单选题    
 
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[听力原文] What does the speaker say about the bilingual people? ①从选项看,此题可能跟某类人的语言能力有关。②录音提到双语者脑中必须同时存有两套语言的数据统计系统,并且能够根据对话者语言的不同自由切换系统,故A正确。 录音并未提及双语者与生俱来就会两种语言,故排除B。录音没有比较双语者与单语者的记忆力,排除C。录音只提及婴儿期的研究,人生其他阶段的语言能力到底如何无从得知,D缺乏录音依据。
单选题    
 
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[听力原文] What experiment did the speaker do? 说话人提到为了观察婴儿能否收集一门新语言的统计数据,他们做了一个实验,即让从未接触过另外一门语言的美国婴儿在关键期接触汉语。故C正确。 录音提及的这个实验只是观察婴儿能否收集一门新语言的统计数据,并非观察双语者和单语者的不同之处,故A错误。录音提到实验中让美国婴儿接触汉语的方式是每个月都有会说汉语的亲戚去婴儿家和婴儿聊天等,但并非让婴儿住到中国家庭,故B错误。实验是观察美国婴儿在关键期学汉语的情况,而不是教台湾婴儿学英语,故D错误。
单选题    
 
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[听力原文] What is the speaker's purpose to run a control group? 说话人提到他们为了实验的有效性设了一个对照组进行观察,这个对照组的小孩只是进入实验室听英语,不做其他的实验,以证明单纯进入实验室并不能提高他们的汉语技能,故B正确。 说话人提到实验中对照组只是进入实验室听英语,并未让他们去做其它事情,故A“让他们去画实验组测试成绩表”错误。设对照组的目的是控制变量,排除实验室这个因素的影响,不是让对照组去学一门新语言并与实验组竞争,故排除C。对照组接触的是英语,而非汉语,无法验证对照组对汉语的统计能力,故D错误。