问答题
{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}
Read the following text carefully and
then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be
written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
In reading the pages of American Scientist, I have been struck
by the stunning progress being made in science and engineering, new phenomena
discovered, new materials synthesized, new methods developed. (46){{U}} What I see
behind many of these exciting stories is the widespread and even revolutionary
use of distributed intelligence that is made possible by the "wiring" of the
scientific community.{{/U}} It is more than a time saver or a communication
enhance; it is enabling us to think in new ways and its impact on society may be
monumental.
The term "information age" probably does not do
justice to the possibilities of this emerging era. (47) {{U}}This is an age of
"knowledge and distributed intelligence", in which knowledge is available to
anyone, located anywhere, at any time; and in which power, information, and
control are moving from centralized systems to individuals. {{/U}}This era calls
for a new form of leadership and vision from the academic science and
engineering community. We know from countless examples that the academic science
and the engineering have enabled our society to make the most of new
technologies. We wouldn't have today's advanced computer graphics systems if
mathematicians hadn't been able to solve problems related to surface geometry.
(48) {{U}}We wouldn't have networks capable of handling massive amounts of data if
physicists and astronomers hadn't continuously forged tools to look more deeply
into subatomic structures and the cosmos.{{/U}} Chemists' efforts to simulate
complex phenomena and predict the properties of many electron systems have
inspired massively parallel architectures for computing. And the information
made available by the sequencing of the human genome has caused us to rethink
how to store, manipulate, and retrieve data most effectively. (49){{U}} It will
take new insights from studies of human cognition, linguistics, neurobiology,
computing, and more to develop systems that truly augment our capacity to learn
and create.{{/U}} The best may be yet to come.
Despite brutally
tight constraints on federal discretionary spending, President Clinton has
stepped forward to champion a 3 percent increase (uncorrected for inflation) in
the national 1998 budget. The president's request is only the first step in the
congressional budget process ahead. (50) {{U}}Given that the priorities of
Congress will almost certainly differ from those of the president, it will take
an unprecedented level of input and commitment from the research community to
ensure the investments in science and engineering.{{/U}}
【正确答案】
【答案解析】这是一个“知识和分布式智能”的时代：一个随时、随地、随便任何人都利用知识的时代；一个能把能量、信息和控制从中心系统传向每个人的时代。
[结构分析]
句子框架是This is an age of“knowledge and distributed intelligence”，in which…；and in which…。in which…；and in which…为介词in加关系代词which引导的两个并列的定语从句修饰an age。distributed intelligence译为“分布式智能”；available to anyone，located anywhere，at any time为排比短语，译为“随时、随地、随便任何人都利用……”。
【正确答案】
【答案解析】考虑到国会的优先权几乎肯定与总统的不同，那么要想保证科学和工程学的投资，就要从科研机构那里接收一笔可观的投入和赞助。
[结构分析]
句子框架是it will take an unprecedented level of input and commitment from…to ensure the investments…。it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式结构to ensure the investments…。句首的given为介词，后跟that从句译为“考虑到……”。指示代词those代指前面提到的the priorities，以避免重复。priorities此处不要译成“优先考虑”，而是美国国会的“优先权”。an unprecedented level of转译为“一笔可观的”；commitment此处引申译为“赞助”。