结构推理
下面(1)~(5)中,是否存在着显著的相关关系?按显著水平为10/%、5/%、1/%、0.1/%来进行检验。这里,R是相关系数,n是样本数。
(1)R=0.900(n=5)
(2)R=0.612(n=10)
(3)R=0.724(n=19)
(4)R=0.269(n=37)
(5)R=0.308(n=102)
【正确答案】先计算自由度,然后根据表1-17进行检验。显著为○,不显著为×。
表1-17 相关系数的检验 自由度n-2 | 显著水平10/% | 显著水平5/% | 显著水平1/% | 显著水平0.1/% | 1 | 0.988 | 0.997 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 2 | 0.900 | 0.950 | 0.990 | 0.999 | 3 | 0.805 | 0.878 | 0.959 | 0.991 | 4 | 0.729 | 0.811 | 0.917 | 0.974 | 5 | 0.669 | 0.754 | 0.874 | 0.951 | 6 | 0.621 | 0.707 | 0.834 | 0.925 | 7 | 0.582 | 0.666 | 0.798 | 0.898 | 8 | 0.549 | 0.632 | 0.765 | 0.872 | 9 | 0.521 | 0.602 | 0.735 | 0.847 | 10 | 0.497 | 0.576 | 0.708 | 0.823 | 11 | 0.476 | 0.553 | 0.684 | 0.801 | 12 | 0.457 | 0.532 | 0.661 | 0.780 | 13 | 0.441 | 0.514 | 0.641 | 0.760 | 14 | 0.426 | 0.497 | 0.623 | 0.742 | 15 | 0.412 | 0.482 | 0.606 | 0.725 | 16 | 0.400 | 0.468 | 0.590 | 0.708 | 17 | 0.389 | 0.456 | 0.575 | 0.693 | 18 | 0.378 | 0.444 | 0.561 | 0.679 | 19 | 0.369 | 0.433 | 0.549 | 0.665 | 20 | 0.360 | 0.423 | 0.537 | 0.652 | 25 | 0.323 | 0.381 | 0.487 | 0.597 | 30 | 0.296 | 0.349 | 0.449 | 0.554 | 35 | 0.275 | 0.325 | 0.418 | 0.519 | 40 | 0.257 | 0.304 | 0.393 | 0.490 | 50 | 0.231 | 0.273 | 0.354 | 0.443 | 60 | 0.211 | 0.250 | 0.325 | 0.408 | 80 | 0.183 | 0.217 | 0.283 | 0.357 | 100 | 0.164 | 0.195 | 0.254 | 0.321 | 200 | 0.116 | 0.138 | 0.181 | 0.230 | 500 | 0.073 | 0.088 | 0.115 | 0.146 | |
表1-18 计算出的相关系数 | 样本数n | 自由度n-2 | 显著水平 | 10/% | 5/% | 1/% | 0.1/% | (1)0.900 | 5 | 3 | ○ | ○ | × | × | (2)0.612 | 10 | 8 | ○ | × | × | × | (3)0.724 | 19 | 17 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | (4)0.269 | 37 | 35 | × | × | × | × | (5)0.308 | 102 | 100 | ○ | ○ | ○ | × | |
【答案解析】