单选题
Scotland: A Land of Wisdom

In the 1740s, the famous French philosopher Voltaire said, "We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization. " That's not a bad advertisement for any country when it comes to attracting people to search for a first-class education.
According to the American author Arthur Herman, the Scots invented the modern world itself. He argues that Scottish thinkers and intellectuals worked out many of the most important ideas on which modern life depends—everything from the scientific method to market economics. Their ideas did not just spread among intellectuals, but to those people in business, government and the sciences who actually shaped the Western world.
It all started during the period that historians call the Scottish Enlightenment (启蒙运动), which is usually seen as taking place between the years 1740 and 1800. Before that, philosophy was mainly concerned with religion. For the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment, the proper study of humanity was mankind itself.
Their reasoning was practical. For the philosopher David Hume, humanity was the right subject for philosophy because we can examine human behavior and so find real evidence of how people think and feel. And from that we can make judgments about the societies we live in and make concrete suggestions about how they can be improved, for universal benefit.
Hume's enquiry into the nature of knowledge laid the foundations for the scientific method-the pursuit of truth through experiment. His friend and fellow resident of Edinburgh, Adam Smith, famously applied the study of mankind to the ways in which mankind does business. Trade, he argued, was a form of information. In pursuing our own interests through trading in markets, we all come to benefit each other.
Smith's idea has dominated modern views of economics. It also has wide applications. He was one of the philosophers to point out that nations can become rich, free and powerful through peace, trade and invention.
Although the Scottish Enlightenment ended a long time ago, the ideas which evolved at that time still underpin(构成……的基础) our theories of human exchange and enquiry. It also exists in Scotland itself in an educational tradition that combines academic excellence with orientation (方向).

单选题 Scotland is the right place to receive a first-class education.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 第1段著名的法国哲学家伏尔泰指出:“我们到苏格兰寻找所有的文明观念。”就吸引人们寻求第一流的教育而言,对于任何国家来说这是一个好的广告。证实了苏格兰是接受一流教育的地方。因此,答案是A。
单选题 According to Arthur Herman, the Scots developed many important ideas which modern life depends on.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 文章第2段美国作家阿瑟·赫尔曼认为,苏格兰人发展了现代世界。他争辩说苏格兰的思想家和智者从科学方法到市场经济为现代生活所依赖的提出了许多最重要的观点。因此,根据阿瑟·赫尔曼的观点,苏格兰人发展了现代生活所依赖的许多重要观念。本题的答案是正确的。即A。
单选题 Philosophers had come to know the importance of studying humanity even before the Scottish Enlightenment took place.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 第3段中最后一句提到由于苏格兰启蒙运动的思想家们,人类学开始研究人类自己。而本题为:“在苏格兰启蒙运动发生之前,哲学家们已经开始了解研究人类学的重要性。”因此,答案应为B。
单选题 David Hume was the first philosopher to study mankind.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 文章第4段有关大卫·休谟介绍,并没有提到大卫·休谟是研究人类学的第一个哲学家。因此,本题选择C。
单选题 Smith's idea has extensive applications.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 文章第6段第1句和第2句提到:“斯密的观念主宰了现代经济学的观念。它同样有广泛的应用”。与本题史密斯的观念得到广泛应用一致。答案为A。
单选题 Our current theories of human exchange and enquiry have nothing to do with the ideas developed during the Scottish Enlightenment.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 文章最后一段:“虽然苏格兰启蒙运动很长时间以前就已经结束,但那个时期提出的观念依然构成了人类交流和咨询的理论的基础。”而选项中我们的理论与苏格兰启蒙运动中发展的理论没有关系。与原文的论点相反。因此,答案为B。
单选题 Smith died in 1800.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 斯密死于1800年。文章中没有涉及到斯密的死亡时间。因此,答案为C。