单选题
Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know
1
first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year;
2
we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think
3
them, so much so that on all the highest columns in the great cities of the world you will find the
4
of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people
5
that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of
6
countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just
7
they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals
8
; so do savages (野蛮人); hence to be good at fighting
9
be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good; but it is not to be
10
. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most
11
—this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done—is not being civilized. People fight to
12
quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to
12
some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can
14
the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed
15
has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been
16
. For that is what going to war means; it means
17
that might is right.
That is what the story of mankind has
18
been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history,
19
millions of people were killed or disabled. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets—
20
, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life—nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.
【答案解析】[解析] 测试要点:短语意义选择。a great deal of“大量;强调;重要”;many of“许多”;a number of“许多,若干”;lots of“大量的,很多的”。在表示数量时,四个短语都表示“许多、大量”的意思,但a great deal of可以用作状语,表示强调,如:There was a great deal of excitement just before the game began. 比赛开始前,人们非常激动。It means a great deal to her. 这对她意义重大。文中句意为“人们非常敬仰他们,……”,为强调,故答案应为A。
【答案解析】[解析] 测试要点:由后缀“-able”构成的形容词词义选择。suitable“适当的”;possible“可能的”;questionable“可疑的”;acceptable“可接受的”。题句为一省略句,补全后应为:It is just possible (that) they are (the greatest countries), but they are not the most civilized.意为“它们仅仅可能是最伟大的国家,但它们并不是最文明的国家。”根据上下文,B项possible最贴近题意。
【答案解析】[解析] 测试要点:动词词义搭配选择。solve“解决,解答”;settle“解决,决定”;set“提出,调整”;stop“停止,终止”。settle有“调停,处理好”的意思,settle dispute (quarrel)为习惯用法,意为“调停争执(争吵)”,如:They settled the dispute among themselves. 他们自己把这个争论解决了。根据词义搭配,应选用B。
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 测试要点:动词短语搭配。find a way of (to)意为“找到解决的方法(出路)”,如:He has finally found the way to solve the problem。他终于找到了解决这个问题的办法。题句意为“打仗意味着屠杀,而文明的人民应该能够找到解决他们争端的某种办法……”根据题意应选用D。
【答案解析】[解析] 测试要点:most的用法。most是much或many的最高级形式,表示“最多,最大地”,作副词时修饰动词,如:He worked (the) most. 他工作得最多。I like the last song most. 我最喜欢最后那首歌。题句意为“……然后宣告杀人杀得最多的一方取得了胜利。”选项中只有most是最高级形式,表示“最多”,修饰动词kill,其他选项没有这种功能,故D应为答案。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 测试要点:介词短语选择。in the right“有理的,正当的”;all right“良好,正常”;on the right“在……的右侧”;put right“纠正错误”。题句意为“不仅仅是取得了胜利,而且由于取得了胜利而成为正当有理的。”根据题意,应选择A。
【答案解析】[解析] 测试要点:状语成分的选择。wholly“整个,全部”;on the whole“总的来说,大体上”;exactly“确切地”;in the general“总之,概括地说”。该处要求填入一个修饰动词like的状语成分,题句意为“那就是人类的历史大体上就是这样。”根据上下文,B最贴近题意。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 测试要点:非限定性定语从句中关系代词(副词)的用法。在非限定性定语从句中,修饰物的关系代词只能用which,前面如果有介词也不能省略,如:He gave me a box, in which I found three letters. 他给我一个盒子,我在其中发现三封信。故只能选用B。
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 测试要点:连词的用法。however“然而,可是”;but“但是”;while“尽管,虽然”;though“虽然,尽管”。题句中破折号所引导的为一同位语,因前面用的是while,表示对比,这里也应采用while。全句意为“尽管今天人们已不再在大街上战斗和互相残杀——即是说尽管我们已经到了能在日常生活中维护次序互相尊重的阶段——许多民族和国家却没有学会这样做,仍然表现得很野蛮。”其他例子,如:Some people waste food while others haven"t enough to eat. 有些人浪费粮食而另一些人则食不果腹。