【正确答案】正确答案：Saussure is the father of modern linguistics. Saussure is the first to notice the complexities of language. He considers human language as an extremely complex and heterogeneous phenomenon.(1 point) Saussure believes that language is a system of signs that uses sound to express or exchange ideas. The sign is the union of a form and an idea, i. e. , the signifier and the signified. The sign is the central fact of language, and therefore the study of language must be started from the nature of the sign itself.(3 points) Saussure directs our attention to the essentials of language and makes clear the object of study for linguistics as a science.(2 points)His ideas on the arbitrary nature of sign, on the relational nature of linguistic units, on the distinction of signifier and signified, langue and parole, synchronic and diachronic research, etc. push linguistics into a brand new stage.(3 points)In short, all linguistics in the 20th century are Saussurean linguistics.(1 point)

【答案解析】解析：考查索绪尔对现代语言学的主要贡献。索绪尔被称为现代语言学之父，他最先注意到了人类语言的复杂性。他认为语言是交流思想的符号系统，而符号是形式和意义的结合。除此之外，他区分了几组重要概念：所指和能指、语言和言语、共时研究和历时研究，把研究引向语言的本质，廓清了语言学作为一门科学所要研究的对象。可以说，二十世纪的语言学就是索绪尔的语言学。