单选题 Our analysis therefore suggests that the real problem facing the black community lies in the educational obstacles prior to the PhD programs rather than in the pour-in of foreign students. Equally, our analysis suggests that we ought to treat foreign students as an important source of brain gain for us and that we ought to facilitate, rather than hinder, their arrival and their entry into our work force. How could this be done?
There is a long-standing provision in our immigration laws under which those who bring in a certain amount of financial capital (which will "create jobs") are allowed to immigrate= A foreigner who invests one million dollars in a commercial enterprise established in a high-unemployment area, which creates jobs for at least ten Americans, is automatically given immigrant status (i. e. , a green card). We suggest extending the idea from financial to human capital.
Currently, graduate students who wish to stay on in the United States after their PhDs must be sponsored by their employers, a process that imposes substantial hardship both on the students and on smaller employers.
The standard procedure is in two stages. First, the US Department of Labor must, on the basis of a US employer's sponsorship, certify that "no American can do this job". Then, the would-be immigrant must apply for immigrant status at the Immigration and Naturalization Service(INS). If all goes right, the entire process takes about two years (considerably more for citizens of certain countries). But things may not go right; there could be problems at either stage. Thus, the employer or the "alien" must hire an immigration lawyer. The current process, then, is costly both to the would-be immigrant and to the employer (and hence, it unfairly penalizes smaller firms that cannot afford this expensive process and so cannot recruit this foreign talent).
The Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1990 introduced an alternative route for professors and researchers to secure immigrant status. Essentially, it eliminates the average processing time to about one year, but it does not eliminate any of the uncertainty or the need for expensive legal counsel.
We budget that automatic green cards be given to all those who obtain a Phi) in the science and engineering programs at our universities. In adopting such a "guaranteed green card" proposal, we would be recognizing the important contribution that these students make to our leading position in science by giving equal weight to human capital and financial capital.

单选题 Prior to this text, the author has most probably made an analysis of ______.

A. brain gain in the United States
B. the cause of problems of the black people
C. the US educational programs for blacks
D. the procedure of foreign students' immigration

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】分析推理题。短文第一句指出：our analysis…in the pore-_in of foreign students(因此，我们的分析表明黑人群体所面临的真正问题是他们在接受博士教育之前所遇到的教育障碍，而不是外国学生的大量涌入)。由行文逻辑与文体知识可知，短文之前作者分析的应当是美国黑人的教育问题(事实上，这也是短文的主旨)，因此答案是[C]。其余三项中，[A]、[D]两项都与“黑人教育”无关，不合行文逻辑；[B]项指“黑人所面临问题的原因”，其中的problems无疑所指太泛。

单选题 Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?

A. Foreign students are a new source of financial capital.
B. PhD graduates should automatically be given green cards.
C. Foreign PhD graduates may function as a kind of capital.
D. Foreign investors ought to immigrate to high unemployment areas.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】细节题。本题为细节比对题。[A]项中的financial capital(金融资本)与第一段第二句中的an important source of brain gain(一种重要的人才资源)不符，由常识也可判断它错误；[B]项与最后一段第一句不符，该句说的是作者建议科学与工程学博士自动获得绿卡，而不是所有获得博士学位的人都可获得；[C]与短文最后一句所表达的意思相符；[D]项中的high unemployment areas在原文中没有体现。

单选题 A foreign graduate student who applies for immigrant status must have______.

A. a US employer's sponsorship
B. financial capital to create ten jobs
C. a job in an American company
D. the help of an immigration lawyer

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】细节题。答案信息对应于第三段第一句：Currently，graduate students…must be sponsored by their employers(目前，那些获得博士学位后想留在美国的毕业生必须由其雇主担保)。

单选题 Smaller enterprises have difficulty using foreign talent because of ______.

A. the costly recruiting process
B. the expensive legal counsel
C. the competition from big companies
D. the inability to provide sponsorship

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】细节题。短文提到smaller firms(小企业)即题目中的smaller enterprises的地方是第四段最后一句：The current process…so cannot recruit this foreign talent[目前的这一程序对于移民申请者和雇主来说都花费巨大(因此，这不公平地让那些无法承担这一昂贵程序并因而无法招聘国外人才的较小的企业处于不利地位)]，由此可知这些小企业是因为招聘过程花费巨大才无法招募到国外人才的，故答案是[A]。

单选题 The author's proposal differs from the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1990 in ______.

A. the kind of green card
B. the amount of investment capital
C. the budget for the whole process
D. the certainty of issuing green cards

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】分析推理题。短文倒数第二段提到了美国1990年制定的《移民归化法》(the Immigration and Naturalization Act)。其中最后一句指出，该法案只是缩短了申请移民的时间，却没有消除申请的不确定性(uncertainty)以及昂贵的法律咨询费用。而短文最后一段则提出了作者的建议：自动给那些获得科学和工程学博士学位的外国学生颁发绿卡，这无疑是增加了绿卡授予的确定性，因此本题选[D]。