单选题
Directions: For each numbered blank in, the following passage there are four choices marked A, B, C and D listed below. Choose the correct answer.
Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change {{U}}(1) {{/U}} the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes {{U}}(2) {{/U}} considered taboo can become perfectly {{U}}(3) {{/U}} and natural {{U}}(4) {{/U}} another point in time. Topics such as death, fro example, were once considered so {{U}}(5) {{/U}} and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the {{U}}(6) {{/U}} of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more {{U}}(7) {{/U}} of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, {{U}}(8) {{/U}} a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.
One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. {{U}} (9) {{/U}} many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It's not taboo to talk about fat; it's taboo to fat. The " {{U}}(10) {{/U}} " look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their {{U}}(11) {{/U}} as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought {{U}}(12) {{/U}} as lazy and {{U}}(13) {{/U}} in energy, self-discipline and self-respect. After all, people think, how can people who care about themselves, and therefore the way. they look, permit themselves to become fat? In an image-conscious society like the U. S. , thin is "in", fat is "out".
It's not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become {{U}}(14) {{/U}} with staying slim and "in shape". The {{U}}(15) {{/U}} of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, their sole reason for America's obsession with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the {{U}}(16) {{/U}} importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style Of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do {{U}}(17) {{/U}} hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people's bodies can easily become weak and {{U}}(18) {{/U}} to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising. The effect of this new appreciation of the importance of exercise is evident: parks are filled with runners and bicyclists, physical education programs are enjoying a newly found {{U}}(19) {{/U}} , and many companies are providing special exercise {{U}}(20) {{/U}} for their employees to use during the work day.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 此处强调“在这些年期间,这些年从头到尾”,类似的例子还有records maintained over two years保持了两年的记录。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] once意为“曾经”,言下之意是“现在”情况改变了,与现状形成对比,符合上下文。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] acceptable意为“可接受的,足以满足要求或标准的”,强调在一种标准下可以……的;A强调状态;B不符合语法习惯;acceptant做形容词一般修饰物体,意为“被接受的,采纳的”,例如:the most acceptant mind最易接受外界影响的头脑。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 此处强调的是“历史/时间长河中的某个阶段”。故选C。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] upsetting指事物,意为“令人心烦意乱的,令人苦恼的”;upset一般用来指人,意为“心烦意乱的情绪或精神上苦恼的状态”;overturn指“推倒,使一边着地”,所以它的现在分词和过去分词的引申意强调“推翻的,倾覆的”。根据文意,只能选C。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] publication意为“出版,发行”;publicity意为“吸引公众注意的手段,宣传”;publicize为动词,意为“宣扬”;duplication为名词,虽然词形与A很相似,但意思不同,意为“副本,复制”。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] A、B、D都有“意识的”含义,且都有be +adj. +of(意识到)的习惯用法,但仍有细微差别。aware侧重“感官所意识到的外界事物”。conscious侧重“心理感知”。sensible指“可用感官察觉到的(针对较复杂或抽象的事物)”。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] as a result是习惯用法,意为“因此,结果”。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 根据上下文,作者此处想要表达的应是“与其他禁忌不同的是,肥胖是美国人经常谈论的话题”。unlike是介词,意为“区别于,不像”;alike一般是表语形容词,意为“相似的,相同的”;C、D在意思上不符合上下文。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] in是习惯用法,此处专门指“时髦的,流行的”,与之相对的是out。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] image意为“形象或大众认可的对某事的概念”。appearance一般用来指人,往往包括衣着或相貌;look指人时,用复数,指“相貌,容貌”,用单数则指“表情”、“神色”;aspect也指“外表”,尤指“面部表情”。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] think of...as相当于regard/consider...as,意为“认为……怎么样”。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] lack in是习惯用法,意为“缺少……”,而此处应用动名词形式,故选A;loss意为“损失,浪费”;D一般应为be/fall short of...意为“缺乏,达不到”。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 四个选项都含有“全神贯注的,致力于……的,迷恋于……的”意思,但用法不同。其中,occupied、absorbed、engrossed通常都与介词in搭配使用;而obsessed则常与with搭配。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] pursuit意为“拼命追赶,追求”,常用的词组是in pursuit of“追踪,追求”;而persecute虽然词形相似,但意思上不合适,意为“迫害,烦扰”。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] critical此处并非“批评的”意思,而是“重要的,关键的”;A、C、D均不合适。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] by hand意为“用手”;at hand意为“在手边,即将到来”;on hand意为“在手头”;out of hand意为“无法控制,脱手”。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] be vulnerable to sth.是习惯搭配,意为“易受(疾病等)攻击的,脆弱的”;vulgar意为“粗俗的,庸俗的”;infected一般与with搭配,意为“(伤口等)受感染的”;infections意为“传染(性)的,有感染力的”。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] prestige是名词,意为“声望,威望”。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] facilities用做复数时,常指“设备(尤指使行动或过程中进行的东西)”;equipment常指“设备,装置(尤指用来装备人、组织或事物的东西)”:hiking equipment徒步旅行的装备;apparatus常指“器械,装备(尤指有特殊用途的一套或一系列器材或装置)”;appliances常指“器具,用具(尤指如家庭用烤箱等电器设备)”。