【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[听力原文]

Professor: In the U.S. Constitution, it is stated that the Congress shall make no law.., abridging the freedom of speech, of the press. This puts forth the foundation of journalism in the United States. The government and the press are two separate entities. The people who wrote the First Amendment understood that journalists are human beings and that they can make mistakes. The press, even though it is not perfect, was to take on the job of government critic with its responsibility to the citizens of America, not to the government.
At the core of the way in which the press operates is independence. Newspaper owners may support a particular party, but it is becoming more common for a newspaper and its journalists to be totally independent in every way.
Unfortunately, sometimes this is a goal to work towards and not a description which shows the truth. Staff and the newspaper they represent should show freedom of thought and action. A newspaper must not print stories for the sole purpose of promoting people who support it. Journalists cannot receive money, holidays or gifts from special groups for favorable news coverage. If a newspaper were corrupt, it could not criticize the government for being corrupt. Sometimes things like a free meal or sports tickets are acceptable though, but this is not a practice written in stone. There are not really any rewards for the type or amount of freedom that the press enjoys—maybe devotion of the readers and trust. With freedom of the press, a newspaper can still report a story in the way it wished. However, it must still adhere to the laws of libel. The basic idea is that there must be truth to what the newspaper prints and the newspaper must be able to show that they are being truthful. It is common for a newspaper to separate its ideas and beliefs from the objective presentation of truth.
The news is presented with sources identified when possible. It is only on the editorial page that a newspaper gives its and other staff members" or syndicated writers" personal opinions. For a newspaper to not sound one-sided or dosed minded to others, it often has a section devoted to letters that people write to the newspaper about how the news is being reported and other versions of the "truth", if one or several happen to exist. The newspapers reserve the right to edit as necessary so that there is fair presentation. A newspaper must also be sure to remain responsible if it does make a mistake. Corrections should be printed in the same part of the newspaper all the time so they are easier to be found.
A newspaper must also know when to draw the line, when they have crossed the boundary of invading somebody"s private life. It is at this point that the newspaper must look at what it is saying and doing and reevaluate the situation. Journalists must follow the same laws as everybody else, but must be extremely enthusiastic in uncovering the truth. In doing this, they become a type of supervisor or watchdog. Newspapers must be careful of becoming caught up in something called "prizemanship"—presenting stories in a certain way with the sole purpose of the newspaper or the journalist winning a prize. This has happened before--a journalist made up a story and ended up winning a Pulitzer Prize. In the end, the journalist revealed the math and quit her job. The newspaper gave the award back with great humiliation. It is okay for newspapers and journalists to receive prizes, but they should be from people or groups who have no connection to the recipient and they should be without the recipient knowing it.
There is the temptation to exaggerate the facts, but this must always be avoided. Journalists must always remember this last rule in being a journalist. Above all, one must be aware of the possibility that he or she might be wrong. That a mistake may have been made. There can be many viewpoints which distort the truth. Journalists must remember that when an error is made, there is always somebody who is going to be hurt. It is for this that the truth must always be found and never interpreted.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 演讲中在提到prizemanship这个生词后，紧接着给出了presenting stories in a certain way with the sole purpose of the newspaper or the journalist winning a prize，也就是说，报纸或者新闻工作者为了得奖，可能会以特定的方式来报道新闻。由此不难猜出，这样的报道很可能与事实不符。

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 演讲一开始就提到：In the U.S. Constitution, it is stated that the Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech, of the press，即根据美国宪法，联邦议会不能制定法律限制言论和出版自由；接着又说：The people who wrote the First Amendment understood that journalists are human beings and they can make mistakes，由此可知，教授是通过对美国宪法进行解释来谈及与言论自由相关的报纸责任的。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 在演讲的后半部分，教授在提到新闻工作者角逐奖项时，说到了下面这句话：It"s okay for newspapers and journalists to receive prizes, but they should be from people or groups who have no connection to the recipient and they should be without the recipient knowing it. 由此可知，本题应选A。