阅读理解 The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: "Store in the refrigerator." In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthy. The milkman came every day, the grocer, the butcher (肉商), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times each week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus(剩余)bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. Many well-tried techniques already existed ― natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling... What refrigeration did promote was marketing ― marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the world in search of a good price. So most of the world''s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the rich countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house ― while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. The fridge''s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been not important. If you don''t believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may not eat the hamburgers, but at least you''ll get rid of that terrible hum.

单选题 The statement "In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily." suggests that

A、 the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties.
B、 the author was not accustomed to fridges even in his fifties.
C、 there was no fridge in the author''s home in the 1950s.
D、 the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】in my fridge less fifties childhood．意为50年代，没有冰箱的童年时代；可知50年代作者家里没有冰箱。故应选C。

单选题 Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?

A、 People would not buy more food than was necessary.
B、 Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.
C、 Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.
D、 People had effective ways to preserve their food.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】从第二段：The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes，nothing was wasted．由此可知，人们采用有效的方式来保存食物。故应选D。

单选题 Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?

A、 Inventors.
B、 Consumers.
C、 Manufacturers.
D、 Travelling salesmen.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】文章第三段：The invention of the fridge contributed，comparatively little to the art of food preservation．第四段：What refrigeration did promote was marketing．由此可知，消费者从中受益最少。故应选B。

单选题 Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge''s negative effect on the environment?

A、 Hum away continuously.
B、 Climatically almost unnecessary.
C、 Artificially-cooled space.
D、 With mild temperatures.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】hum way continuously．本句意为电冰箱嗡嗡地响一阵，停一会，又嗡嗡地响。由此可知其噪音对环境产生的负面影响最大。故应选A。

单选题 What is the author''s overall attitude toward fridges?

A、 Neutral.
B、 Critical.
C、 Objective.
D、 Compromising.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】作者从始至终对冰箱的态度都是持批评态度的。故应选B。