单选题
Ugly Faces Are More Memorable

The old saying of never forgetting a pretty face might be untrue as psychologists believe beautiful people are less likely to be recognized. A new study suggests that attractiveness can actually prevent the recognition of faces, unless a pretty face is particularly distinctive.
German psychologists think the recognition of pretty faces is distorted (扭曲) by emotions. Scientists at the University of Jena, Germany, discovered that photos of unattractive people were more easily remembered than pretty ones when they showed them to a group of people. Researchers Holger Wiese, Carolio Altmann and Stefan Schweinberger from the university, wrote in their study: "We could show that the test subjects were more likely to remember unattractive faces than attractive ones, when the latter didn"t have any particularly noticeable traits."
For the study, which was published in science magazine Neuropsychologia , the psychologists showed photos of faces to test subjects. Half of the faces were considered to be more attractive and the other half as less attractive, but all of them were being thought of as similarly distinctive looking. The test subjects were shown the faces for just a few seconds to memorize them and were shown them again during the test so that they could decide if they recognized them or not.
The scientists were surprised by the result. "Until now we assumed that it was generally easier to memorize faces which are being perceived as attractive, just because we prefer looking at beautiful faces," Dr. Wiese said. But the study showed that such a connection cannot be easily sustained. He assumes that remembering pretty faces is distorted by emotional influences, which enhance the sense of recognition at a later time. The researchers" idea is backed up by evidence from EEG-recordings (脑电图记录) which show the brain"s electric activity, which the scientists used during their experiment.
The study also revealed that in the case of attractive faces, considerably more false positive results were detected. In other words, people thought they recognized a face without having seen it before. "We obviously tend to believe that we recognize a face just because we find it attractive." Dr. Wiese said.
单选题 What can be inferred from the new study?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 根据题干中的the new study定位到原文第一段。该段第二句指出,一项新的研究表明,吸引力实际上会降低面孔的辨识度,除非是非常与众不同的漂亮面孔。四个选项中只有D项表述符合原文,故选D。
单选题 What do we know about the photos from paragraph 3?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 根据题干中的photos from paragraph 3定位到原文第三段。该段中提到,心理学家向测试参与者展示的照片中有一半被认为比另一半更具吸引力,但所有这些照片的面部特征明显程度相似。这些照片会被展示给受试者几秒钟,在测试期间,这些照片会被再次呈现给他们。由此可知,这些照片不是随机挑选的,也不全都是漂亮面孔,其面部特征明显程度只是相似,并非没有明显的面部特征。而这些照片确实会被展示给受试者观察两次,因此排除A、B、C三项,选D。
单选题 Why do we generally assume it is easier to memorize beautiful faces?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 根据题干中的assume it is easier to memorize beautiful faces定位到原文第四段。该段第二句指出,维斯博士说:“在此之前,我们一直觉得人们更容易记住那些被认为有吸引力的面孔,这仅仅是因为我们更喜欢看漂亮脸蛋。”由此可知,B项表述与原文相符,故选B。
单选题 How do emotional influences distort remembering pretty faces?
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 根据题干中的emotional influences distort定位到原文第四段。该段第四句中指出,对于漂亮脸蛋的记忆被情感因素所歪曲了,这些情感因素会在之后的时间里加强这种认同感。由此可知,A项表述符合原文,其他选项在文中并未提及,故选A。
单选题 What does " false positive results " (Line 2, Para. 5) mean?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 根据题干中的false positive results定位到文章最后一段。该段第一句提到,当受试者看到漂亮脸蛋时,脑电图描记器会捕捉到数量可观的虚假正向反应。由第二句中的in other words可知,此句是对第一句的解释说明,故题干问题的答案蕴含在第二句中。该句意为,人们以为自己认出了一张照片,而实际上这张照片他们之前没有见过。由此可知,C项表述符合原文,故选C。