【正确答案】
   我们要推进产业结构优化升级，坚持走新型工业化道路。
   V1: We must¹ optimize and upgrade the industrial structure and adhere to/stick to/keep to the new road of industrialization.
   V2: We should¹ continue to upgrade industrial structure and stay on the new road of industrialization.
   依靠科技进步，围绕提高自主创新能力，推动产业结构调整²。
   V1: We will promote/ spur/ stimulate industrial restructuring by relying on (through)² scientific and technological advances and focusing on becoming better able to make independent innovations.
   V2: We will rely on scientific and technological advances and focus on developing the ability for independent innovations so as to promote industrial restructuring².
   加快开发对经济增长有重大带动作用的高新技术，以及能够推动传统产业升级³的共性技术和关键技术。
   V1: We will accelerate development of new and high technologies that can boost economic growth as well as broadly applicable and key technologies that can propel the upgrading of³ traditional industries.
   V2: We will quicken/expedite development of new and high technologies that greatly stimulate economic growth as well as key technologies that can be extensively/ widely applied to upgrade³ traditional industries.
   抓紧制定若干重大领域关键技术创新的目标和措施⁴，务求尽快取得新突破。
   V1: We will promptly formulate innovation targets and measures for achieving them in key technologies in a number of important fields⁴ and make breakthroughs as quickly as possible.
   V2: We will promptly formulate targets and measures for achieving innovations in key technologies in a number of important fields⁴ and make breakthroughs as early as possible.
   完善鼓励创新的体制和政策体系。
   V1: We will improve the systems and policies that encourage innovation.
   V2: It is necessary/essential to improve the systems and policies that support innovation.
   坚持引进先进技术和消化吸收创新相结合⁵，增强自主开发能力。
   V1: We will continue to combine introducing advanced technologies with assimilating them and making innovations in them⁵, while concentrating on enhancing our own development capacity.
   V2: We will continue to introduce advanced technologies, assimilate them, and make innovations in them⁵, while concentrating on enhancing our own development capacity.
   大力发展高新技术产业，积极⁶推进国民经济和社会信息化⁷。
   V1: We will energetically develop new and high technology industries and actively integrate⁶ information technology into the national economy and society⁷.
   V2: China should boost new and high technology industries and integrate⁶ information technology into the national economy and society⁷.
   加快用高新技术改造提升传统产业。
   V1: We will accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries through new and high technologies.
   V2: We will apply more new and high technologies to transform and upgrade traditional industries.
   以重大工程为依托，推动装备制造业振兴。
   V1: We will revitalize the equipment-manufacturing industry, focusing on major projects.
   V2: By relying on major projects, we will rehabilitate/invigorate/galvanize the equipment-manufacturing industry.
   在专门项目指导下，继续加强能源、重要原材料等基础产业和水利、交通、通信⁸等基础设施建设。
   V1: Guided by plans for specific projects, we will continue strengthening basic industries like the energy industry and important raw materials industries and infrastructure development in water conservancy, transport and communications.
   V2: Guided by plans for specific projects, we will continue strengthening basic industries like the energy industry and important raw materials industries as well as infrastructure development in water conservancy, transport and communications⁸.
   积极发展现代配送、旅游、社区服务等第三产业。既要加快发展资金技术密集型产业，又要继续发展劳动密集型产业。
   V1: We will energetically develop tertiary industries including modem distribution services, tourism and community services. We must quicken the growth of capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries and maintain the development labor-intensive industries.
   V2: We will vigorously develop tertiary industries such as modem distribution services, tourism and community services. We need to accelerate the development of capital-and technology-intensive industries and continue to develop labor-intensive industries.

【答案解析】 1.汉语的情态动词语义比较宽泛、比较模糊，在英译时不同的译者可能会有不同的解读，从而使用不同的英语情态动词。对于原汉语的“我们要”，不同的译者可能分别译成will，must，ought to，need to等不同的情态动词。由于原汉语的语义是比较模糊的，这些译法都可能是正确的。
   2.在“依靠科技进步，围绕提高自主创新能力，推动产业结构调整”中，前面是从属部分，后面的“推动产业结构调整”是句子的主要部分。英译时可保留原文的主从关系，从而译成We will promote industrial restructuring by relying on scientific and technological advances and focusing on becoming better able to make independent innovations。但如果译者想强调“依靠科技进步，围绕提高自主创新能力”，也可将其处理为主干结构：We will rely on scientific and technological advances and focus on becoming better able to make independent innovations so as to promote industrial restructuring。
   3.受原汉语“推动传统产业升级”的影响，译者可能会译出propel the upgrading of。其实只需要使用upgrade一个动词就够了。
   4.译文1是公开出版的译文，需仔细分析结构才能看懂，them指代innovation targets，语段可切分如下：(innovation targets)and (measures for achieving them) in key technologies in ...。译文2的结构是formulate(targets and measures)for achieving innovations in key technologies in...，不含有代词，比较容易看懂。
   5.“引进先进技术和消化吸收创新相结合”的基本结构是“引进先进技术”与“消化吸收创新相结合”并列；在“消化吸收创新相结合”内部，“消化吸收”与“创新”并列；也即全句有两个层次的并列结构。译文1体现了这两个层次，结构显得比较复杂。译文2将两个层次的并列结构简化为一个层次：introduce advanced technologies，assimilate them，and make innovations in them，很容易读懂。
   6.中国学生看到“积极”两字往往会译成actively，于是“积极推进”便可能译成actively promote/stimulate等。其实在很多情况下可将actively省去。汉语喜欢使用语气强烈的词语，所以像“积极”这样的词语出现得频率很高；而英语很少使用语气强烈的词语，如过多使用actively不符合英语的习惯。如果英语动词本身语气较强，其前面的actively最好省略。在以上译文中integrate是一个语气较强的动词，其词典定义是combine two things together so that they work together，也即表示比combine更紧密的结合，所以前面不必再添加语气强烈的actively了。
   7.中国学生一看到“化”就容易想到-nize，nization。由于汉语中“化”的出现频率很高，而-nize，nization的出现频率很低，所以我们可使用普通常见的英语表达法来翻译“化”。在以上译文中，“积极推进国民经济和社会信息化”被译成integrate information technology into the national economy and society；我们也可将其译成apply more IT to the national economy and society, support the national economy and society with more information等。很少有人会说informize/ informationize the national economy and society。
   8.原汉语“加强能源、重要原材料等基础产业和水利、交通、通信等基础设施建设”有两个层次的并列结构，“和”表示了高层次的并列，而顿号则表示低层次的并列。译文1将“和”译成and，顿号也译成and，由于连续使用了三个and，读者不易看清句子的结构。在译文2中，译者将中间一个and改成as well as，用以代表高层次的并列，而让and代表低层次的并列，所以全句结构十分清楚。