单选题
In the following essay, each blank has four choices. Choose
the best answer and write down on the answer sheet. With the
implementation of {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}, the so - called
network has become a reality. The provision of such facilities is the most
important part of the network requirements. However, in many applications the
communicating computers may be of different types. This means that they may use
different programming languages and, more importantly, different forms of
{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}} interface between
user(application) program, normally referred to, as application processes, and
the underlying communication services may be {{U}} {{U}} 7
{{/U}} {{/U}}. For example, one computer may be a small single - user
computer, while another may be a large {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}}
{{/U}}system. In the earlier days of computer communication, these issues meant
that only closed communities of computers (that is, from the same manufacturer)
could communicate with each other in a meaningful way. IBM's Systems Network
Architecture (SNA) and DEC's Digital Network Architecture (DNA) are just two
examples of communication software packages produced by manufacturers to allow
their systems to be interconnected together. These proprietary packages,
however, of which there am still many inexistence, do not address the problem of
universal interconnect ability, or open systems interconnection. In an attempt
to alleviate this problem, {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}, in the
late 1970s, formulated a reference model to provide a common basis (or the
coordination of standards developments and to allow existing and evolving
standards activities to be placed into perspective with one another.