单选题 Letting it out may be bad for your emotional health. Many people assume that sharing feelings openly and often is a positive ideal that promotes mental health. But some social critics and psychologists now conclude that repressing one's feelings may do more good than venting emotions.
"A small number of researchers are taking an empirical look at the general assumption that speaking out and declaring one's feelings is better than holding them in," writes Christina Sommers, a resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute.
At Suffilk University, psychologist Jane Bybee classified high-school students on the basis of their self-awareness: "sensitizers" were extremely aware of their internal states, "repressors" focused little on themselves, and "intermediates" occupied the middle range. Bybee then collected student evaluations of themselves and each other, along with teacher evaluations of the students. On the whole, the repressors were more socially and academically successful than their more "sensitized" classmates. Bybee speculated that repressed people, not emoters, may have a better balance of moods.
In a study at Catholic University in Washington, D.C., researcher George Bonarmo tested the assumption that, in order to recover mental health, people need to vent negative emotions by discussing their feelings openly. Bonanno and other researchers found that, among adolescent girls who had suffered sexual abuse, those who "showed emotional avoidance" were healthier than those who more openly expressed grief or anger.
One study of Holocaust survivors supports Bonanno in suggesting that verbalizing strong emotions may not improve a person's mental health. Researchers found that Holocaust survivors who were encouraged to talk about their experiences in the war fared worse than repressors. They concluded that repression was not pathological response to Holocaust experience and that "talking through" the atrocities failed to being closure to the survivors.
Sommers note that in many societies it has been considered normal to repress private feelings, and that "in most cultures stoicism and reticence are valued, while the free expression of emotions is deemed a personal shortcoming." She is concerned that pushing someone to be "sensitizers" may also create a preoccupation with self that excludes outside interests. Sommers is particularly critical of educational approaches that attempt to encourage self-discovery and self-esteem through excessive "openness".
Healthy stoicism should not be confused with the emotional numbness that may be brought on by post-traumatic stress disorder. Most people experiencing such traumas as war, assault, or natural disaster can benefit from immediate counseling, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.

单选题 It can be inferred from the passage that ______.

A. researchers do not agree on how to deal with bad emotions
B. expressing one's private feelings is better than repressing them
C. the tendency to repress one's feelings may arise from social values
D. the author does not agree with the researchers

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】这是一道推论题。文章第六段指出：索麦斯指出，在许多社会中，压抑自己的情感被看作是正常的；她还指出，在大多数文化中，忍受痛苦和沉默寡言受到人们的珍视，而自由表露自己的情感被看作是一个人的缺点；索麦斯尤其批评那些企图通过过分表露情感来鼓励自我发现、自我尊重的教育方法。由此可知，压抑自己感觉的趋势可能是由于社会价值观而引起的。C说“压抑自己情感的趋势可能源于社会价值观”，这与文章的意思相符。文章第二、三、四和第五段所举的例子表明，研究人员对于如．何处理不健康情感的结论一致，所以A不对；B与文章的意思相反；作者在文中并没有发表自己的观点，所以D不对。

单选题 We learn from the passage that ______.

A. one way to promote one's health is to share his feelings
B. expressing negative emotions might cause more problems to one's health
C. people need to vent bad emotions by discussing their feelings openly
D. teachers in the past would advice students to repress their feelings

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】这是一道归纳题。文章第一段指出：表露情感可能有害于你的身心健康；有些专家得出这样的结论——压抑自己的情感可能比发泄自己的情感对人的身心健康有好处。文章第二、三、四和第五段举例作了说明，指出：表露强烈的情感可能不会改善一个人的心理健康；研究人员发现，那些被鼓励谈论自己在战争中的经历的大屠杀幸存者比那些压抑情感者的状况更差；研究人员指出，在大多数文化中，忍受痛苦和沉默寡言受到人们的珍视，而自由表露自己的情感被看作是一个人的缺点；使一个人成为反应敏感者也可能导致一个人只专注自己，不考虑别人的利益。这说明，公开发泄自己的消极情感可能给人带来更多问题。B说“对于一个人的健康来说，表露消极情感可能引发更多的问题”，这与文章的意思相符。文中提到share feelings时是说“许多人认为，公开、经常表露自己的情感是改善心理健康的有效的理想行为；但是，有些专家得出这样的结论——压抑自己的情感可能比发泄自己的情感对人的身心健康有好处”，这说明A与文章的意思不符。文中提到expressing negative emotions时是说“研究员乔治·柏拉罗测试了这样的设想——人们应该通过公开交谈来发泄自己的消极情绪，以便恢复心理健康；柏拉罗和其他研究人员发现，在那些曾经遭受过性虐待的少女中，那些外表抑郁的少女比那些公开表露悲伤或愤怒的少女更健康”，这说明C与文章的意思不符；文中没有提到D。

单选题 The word "vent" (Paragraph 1) most probably means ______.

A. hide
B. repress
C. speak
D. let out

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】这是一道词义题。题干中的信号词出自于文章第一段第三句话中。文章第一段指出：表露情感可能有害于你的身心健康；许多人认为，公开、经常表露自己的情感是改善心理健康的有效的理想行为；但是，专家得出结论说，压抑自己的情感可能比发泄自己的情感对人的身心健康有好处。这说明，该词的意思应该是“发泄”。 D“发泄”，与文章的意思相符。A和B与文章的意思相反：C不准确。

单选题 According to Jane Bybee, "sensitizers" were ______.

A. extremely sensitive to other's feelings
B. evaluated positively by the teachers
C. more successful than "intermediates"
D. not as emotionally healthy as "repressors"

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】这是一道细节题。题干中的信号词为sensitizers，出自于文章第三段第一句话。文章第三段指出；心理学家简·伯彼根据学生的自我意识把中学生分类——“反应敏感者”非常了解自己的内心情感，“压抑情感者”几乎不关注自己的内心情感，而“中间类型者”则介于这两者之间；然后，伯彼收集了学生的自评、互评以及老师对他们的评语；总体上，相对于他们更“敏感的”同学，“压抑情感者”更善于社交，学习成绩更好；伯彼推测，“压抑情感者”而不是“过分表达感情者”可能具有更好的心态平衡。这说明，“反应敏感者”不如“压抑情感者”心理健康。D说“不像‘压抑情感者’那样心理健康”，这与文章的意思相符。文中提到extremely时是说“‘反应敏感者’非常了解自己的内心情感”，并不是说对别人的情感异常敏感，所以A不对；文中提到teachers时是说“伯彼收集了学生的自评、互评以及老师对他们的评语；总体上，相对于他们更敏感的同学，‘压抑情感者’更善于社交，学习成绩更好”，这说明B与文章的意思不符；文中没有提到C。

单选题 In the last paragraph, the author tells us that ______.

A. healthy stoicism is the same as the emotional numbness
B. people who experienced traumas should hold in their emotions
C. people should resort to counseling to let out their emotions
D. repressing one's negative feelings may not be good for all

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】这是一道主旨题。题干中的信号词为the last paragraph，也就是文章的最后一段。文章最后一段指出：人们不应该把有益于身心的忍受痛苦与由“后外伤性情绪紧张疾病”所导致的情感麻木混为一谈；根据国家心理健康协会的观点，大多数经历过像战争、暴行或自然灾害这种创伤的人都可以从即刻的心理咨询中获得好处。这说明，在最后一段，作者主要讲的是：压抑自己的消极情感并不是对所有人都有好处。 D说“压抑自己的消极情感可能不是对所有人都有好处”，这可以表达最后一段的主题。文中提到healthy stoicism时是说“人们不应该把有益于身心的忍受痛苦与由‘后外伤性情绪紧张’疾病所导致的情感麻木混为一谈”，这说明A与最后一段的意思相反；文中提到traumas时是说“大多数经历过像战争、暴行或自然灾害这种创伤的人都可以从即刻的心理咨询中获得好处”，这说明B与最后一段的意思不符；C明显不是作者在最后一段要表达的重点。