单选题
{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means of production— capital. The ownership of large amounts of capital can bring{{U}} (1) {{/U}}profits, as well as economic and political power. Some recent theorists, {{U}}(2) {{/U}}, have argued that our society has moved to a new stage of{{U}} (3) {{/U}}that they call "postindustrial" society. One important change in such a society is that the ownership of{{U}} (4) {{/U}}amounts of capital is no longer the only or even the most important{{U}} (5) {{/U}}of profits and influence; knowledge as well as{{U}} (6) {{/U}}capital brings profits and influence.
There arc many{{U}} (7) {{/U}}with the thesis above, not the least of{{U}} (8) {{/U}}is that wealthy capitalists can buy the experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits and influence. But this does not{{U}} (9) {{/U}}the importance of knowledge in an advanced industrial society, as the{{U}} (10) {{/U}}of some new industries indicates. {{U}}(11) {{/U}}, genetic engineering and the new computer technology have{{U}} (12) {{/U}}many new firms and made some scientists quite rich. In{{U}} (13) {{/U}}with criticism of the postindustrial society thesis, however, it must also be{{U}} (14) {{/U}}that those already in control of huge amounts of capital (i. e., major corporations) soon{{U}} (15) {{/U}}to take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge.
Moving down from the level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasingly{{U}} (16) {{/U}}. Many new high-tech jobs are being created at the upper-middle-class level, but even more new jobs are being created in the low-skill, low-paying service{{U}} (17) {{/U}}. Something like a caste line is emerging centered around knowledge. Individuals who fall too far behind in the{{U}} (18) {{/U}}of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter how hard they try. Illiteracy in the English language has been a severe{{U}} (19) {{/U}}for many years in the United States, but we are also moving to the point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people and{{U}} (20) {{/U}}them to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】形容词辨析题extensive意为“大量的,广泛的”可以修饰profits,符合文意。本题意思是:拥有大量资本不仅可以带来经济和政治权利,还可以获得丰厚的利润。quantitative“量的,定量的”;comprehensive“综合的,全面的”如:a comprehensive description全面的描述;sophisticated“复杂的,世故的”。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】语法知识题。本句argued提示这里前后是转折关系:故选however。意思是:然而,最近历史学家争论说社会发展到一个新的阶段,他们称之为“后工业社会”。moreover表递进关系;therefore表示因果关系;nevertheless意为“尽管如此,仍然,然而”。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】名词辨析题。这里说“后工业社会”是社会发展的阶段,evolution意为“演化、演变、发展”,符合文意。aggression“侵略”;proficiency“熟练,精通”;productivity“生产力”。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】形容词辨析与上下文理解题。上文有large amounts of capital,下文有huge amounts of capital,此处应当选表示“大量”的词。dominant指“最重要的,最突出”,如:an impressive speech令人难忘的演讲。 magnificent意为“壮丽的,宏伟的”,这三个词都不符合文意。significant有“重要的,重大的,可观的”之意,如:a significant rise in profits利润的巨大增长,是正确答案。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】名词辨析与上下文理解题。本题意思是“后工业社会的一个变化就是拥有大量资本不再是惟一的或是最重要的利润和权势来源。因此source“来源,源泉”是正确答案。factor“因素,要素”;component“组成部分,元件”;element“成分,元素”。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】上下文理解题。本句承接上句,意思是“资本能带来利润和权势,知识也能带来利润和权势。”这里的knowledge和capital是相对的两个概念,knowledge指精神财富,capital指物质财富,所以选material, adequate“足够的”;profitable“有利可图的”;spiritual“精神的,心灵的”。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】名词辨析与上下文理解题。有钱的资本家可以买到知识显然是一种弊端,一种问题,而不能是优点,故选problem。advantages“优点,有利条件”;consequences“后果”;potentials“潜力”。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】语法知识题。因逗号后没有连词,所以这里应填入的是一个关系代词、引起一个定语从句,故选 which.本题意思是“上文提出的论点(在现实生活中)有许多问题,特别是富有的资本家可以用钱买到保持利润和权势所需的专家和知识。”
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】上下文理解题。句首连词but表明本题与上文矛盾,意思是“但是这并否认知识的重要性”,选deny。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】名词辨析题。emergence(出现)与下文新兴工业相呼应,符合逻辑。innovation意为“革新,更新”; extinction“灭绝,消亡”;discovery指对已经存在的事物的发现,均不符合文意。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】固定搭配与上下文理解题。上句提到新兴工业,本句是对新兴工做进一步举例说明,所以选For example。In addition“此外”;Above all“尤其:最重要者”;In short“简而言之,总之”。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】动词辨析题。created意为“产生,创造”,符合文意。本题意思是“遗传工程和计算机技术使许多新公司诞生。”produced意为“制造,生产”如:America produced more cars this year than last year.美国今年生产的汽车比去年多。improved意为“改进,改善”。facilitated意为“使便利,促进”。如:It would facilitate matters if you were co-operative.要是你再不合作些,就省事了。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】固定搭配题。in line with是固定搭配,意为“与……一致,按照”,其他3项用法是,need for sth.:需要……,如:There's a great need for a new book on the subject.非常需要一本这方面的丛书。beyond a/ any doubt;beyond all (possible) doubt“无疑地”;in doubt“不肯定的,不确定的”;be a match for“配得上,可匹敌的”,be no match for“比不上,根本不是对手”。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】上下文理解题。本句it为形式主语,只有recognized才能使上下文通顺,意思是“根据对后工业社会理论的批评,我们必须认识到……”。idealized“使理想化”;supervise“监督,管理”;summarized“总结,概括”。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】固定搭配与上下文理解题。据in line with短语的提示,本句接着指出后工业社会理论的另一缺陷,即资本雄厚的大公司很快会插手进来,夺走知识产业的大部分利润。stepped in有“走进,介入”等意思,是正确答案。settle down“安顿,解决,结算”;leaned over“探身,倾斜”;turned out“结果是,原来是,关掉(灯)等”。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】形容词辨析题。本句说知识除带来利润与权势外,知识在其他方面越来越重要,所以选important.accessible“可获得的,易接近的”;popular“流行韵,受欢迎的”;abundant“丰富的,充裕的”。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】名词辨析及搭配题。service industries即服务业,是常用词组。其他选项一般不与service搭配, enterprises“企业,事业”;employment“就业,雇用,职业”;professions“职业”。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】固定搭配题。in the pursuit of意为“追求,追赶”,in the pursuit of knowledge即对知识的追求。符合文意。in control of“控制”。mastery意为“精通,熟练”,如:demonstrate a mastery of Arabic显示对阿拉伯语的精通。in search of意为“寻找”,均不符合文意。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】上下文理解题。上文讲围绕知识已经形成一种类似种性制度的界限,如果年轻时没有学到知识,以后再努力也无法赶上。这里接着说,不懂英语在美国长期以来就是一种严重的就业障碍。同时,下文的 hinder一词也提示这里应选handicap(妨碍,不利条件)。penalty(惩罚),inconvenience(不方便)和 shortcoming(缺点)均不符合文意。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】动词辨析及搭配题。condemn sb. to sth./to do sth.意思是“宣告某人要受到的惩罚;判某人刑(尤指死刑);“使某人注定”;“使某人接受不好的事物”,符合文意。本句意思是:但我们已经发展到了这样的时刻,不懂电脑使更多人受到阻碍,注定他们一辈子只能干低报酬的非技术的工作。enforce(强迫)与 punish(惩罚)的宾语后一般不能接to。confine sb. to意为“将某人限制在”,也不合文意。