Since 1989,
numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health
hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there
is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond
all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life
expectancy. Cigarette smoking is believed by most research
workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of
the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of
some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate
from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less
affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.
Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to the
human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles
of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and
black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the
membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and
bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.
Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer,
but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.
单选题
It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 利用题干中的hazardous作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到包含答案相关词的句子：“Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.”(为了确认吸烟是否会造成健康危害，人们已经进行了大量的研究工作。)判断该句的含义与问题句的含义不一致，故此题说法为“错误”的。
单选题
Smoking reduces one's life expectancy.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 利用题干中的life expectancy作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到包含答案相关词的句子：“Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.”判断该句提到了“吸烟与寿命的缩短有关”，故此题说法为“正确”的。
单选题
Smoking may induce lung cancer.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 利用题干中的lung cancer作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到包含答案相关词的句子：“Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs...”，该句提到“大多数研究者相信吸烟是造成肺癌的一个重要因素”，故此题说法为“正确”的。
单选题
There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.
单选题
Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female
smokers.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 利用题干中的黑体词作为答案线索词，这样找到答案相关句：“Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.”该句是说，“男性吸烟者得心脏病的概率要比男性非吸烟者高。女性吸烟者被认为患心脏病的可能性要低些，因为她们吸烟的时候不会把烟深深地吸入肺里”，由此可见问题句中说的“男性吸烟者由于心脏病而造成的死亡率要比女性吸烟者低”与文章内容不一致，故此题说法为“错误”的。
单选题
Nicotine is poisonous.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 利用题干中的Nicotine作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到包含答案相关词的句子：“There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar.”确认该句的说法与原文一致，故此题说法为“正确”的。
单选题
Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safer.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 利用题干中的Filters作为答案线索词，这样在文章中找到直接答案相关句：“Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.”该句是说，“过滤嘴只是稍许地减少了危险，但并没有消除危险”，因此问题句说的“过滤嘴和低焦油香烟使吸烟更加安全”的说法与文章内容不一致，故此题说法为“错误”的。