问答题 Translators are people who read books for us. Tolstoy wrote in Russian, so someone must read him for us and then write down that reading in our language. Since the book will be fuller and richer the more experience a reader brings to it, we would want our translator, as he or she reads, to be aware of as much as possible, aware of cultural references, aware of lexical patterns, aware of geographical setting and historical moment. Aware, too, of our own language and its many resources. Far from being " just subjective," these differences will be a function of the different experiences these readers bring to the book, since none of us accumulates the same experience. Even then, of course, two expert translators will very likely produce two quite different versions.

【正确答案】译者是为我们读书的人。托尔斯泰用俄语写作，所以必须有人替我们先阅读他的作品，再用我们的语言写下来。因为读者将更多的经验置于阅读的书本中，书本就会更充实、更丰富，所以，我们希望译者在研读原著时，尽可能多地注意涉及其中的文化背景、用词模式、地理环境以及重要的历史时刻。同时，我们也希望他们能了解我们自己的语言及其丰富的资源。因为我们所积累的经验各不相同，所以这些差异绝非“主观”，而是这些读者给书本带入不同经验的结果。当然，即使这样，两位译家也很可能会给出两种颇为不同的版本。

【答案解析】1.第三句为翻译难点。该句含有since引导的原因状语从句，中间穿插了一个as引导的时间状语从句，翻译为“当……的时候”。the more experience…与fuller and richer…构成了一组比较级的用法，翻译为“读者把越多的经验置于阅读中，书本就会越充实越丰富”。后面接着的是be aware of的一个排比句，翻译的时候为了避免重复啰唆，只需要翻译成一个“注意到”，把cultural references，lexical patterns，geographical setting and historical moment翻译为并列的宾语。2.第五句为翻译难点。该句中的考查了be far from放在句首作结果状语的用法，省略了主语these differences。其次，these readers bring to the book是一个省略了引导词that／which的定语从句，用来修饰先行词experiences，最后接了一个since引导的原因状语从句，翻译为“因为”。翻译的时候，根据汉语的表达习惯，把since引导的原因状语从句的部分提到前面，把前半句话的内容翻译为结果。