填空题
A
In the process of exploitation, minor mistakes can have serious results arising from drilling tools, mud fluid cementing and well completion job. The information’s real-time transmission is especially important in where the transport is inconvenient such as the desert, the Gobi or the ocean. The traditional telephone report and daily fax can’t reflect the oil field’s dynamic information exactly, which may delay to control complex accidents. There must be some reforms in the communication between the local and the headquarters. For the subjective and objective reasons, the level of information technology in drilling engineering is far behind other industries. It is the general trends to build up the real time information transfer system integrating the data acquisition, transfer and processing. At present, computer and network technologies are developing rapidly which makes the commercial productions become more perfect and effective. All of these are the dependable guarantee to realize high effective and credible oil field information network system.
The IT offers a good chance to improve exploitation efficiency and decrease the cost. Drilling and completion in the upstream of petroleum industries is a high venture, high investment, capital and technology denseness project; in order to achieve the ultimate aim of speediness, safety, low cost and environment protection, each phase in the oil field exploitation should be optimized and harmonized. In the process of oil field development, we can transfer the well site information to the base for making out instructive decision to guide the drilling and completion engineers.
填空题
B
Petroleum was formed by nature in very ancient times. Most of the petroleum that oilmen drill for was formed between 20 and 500 million years ago. Outside of the petroleum industry, many people believe that oil and gas are contained in large under-ground lakes or caves. This belief is, of course, false. Petroleum is contained in the pores of reservoir rocks, rather in the same way that water is contained in the pores of a sponge. The most common reservoir rocks. Sedimentary rocks may be porous and permeable to oil, gas, and water. They can therefore act as reservoir rocks.
Places where oil has reached the surface are called ‘seeps’ or ‘shows’. In Trinidad in the West Indies there are a number of active seeps. Notice the cap rock at the top of each trap. Cap rock is nonporous and impermeable to the fluids below. Therefore, underground pressure cannot force the reservoir fluids through the cap rock and up to the surface.
How do oilmen know where to drill. That’s the job, generally, of the petroleum geologist. He can use the results of aerial and seismic surveys to get information about rock features beneath the surface. Rocks at the surface also supply information, and fossils can help him to calculate the age of the rocks.
The term “trap” was first applied to a hydrocarbon accumulation by Orton: “stocks of oil and gas might be trapped in the summits of folds or arches found along their way to higher ground”.