单选题 Doctors are to begin a trial of a drug treatment that could double the time transplanted organs survive in the body. The 20-minute procedure effectively coats donor organs in a protective shield that stops them being rejected by the patient's immune system.
The treatment is expected to prolong the time that organs remain healthy in patients' bodies and also increase their shelf-life (保存期限), so they can be stored for longer or transported further before being used. If the treatment works, it could ease the burden on organ transplant services, which face an increasing gap between the supply and demand for donor organs.
People who receive transplants must take drugs to suppress their immune systems, but the body still reacts enough to cause transplants to fail sooner than they should. A healthy transplanted kidney lasts on average only 10 years, around one third of the time it should last. Organs such as hearts and livers fail even sooner. The consequence is that patients who have had one donor organ often need another.
The new treatment, developed by researchers at King's College London, is based on the defense mechanism healthy organs use to shield themselves from immune system. Studies suggest the procedure could extend the life of an implanted kidney by around seven years. The scientists believe the treatment will also extend the shelf-life of donor organs, increasing the time they survive outside the body from no more than 24 hours to several days. This could reduce wastage and double the number of organs that work properly once they are transplanted, doctors said. In early tests, only a fifth of organs worked properly after being stored on ice for 16 hours, compared with 50% of those treated with mirococept (药物：米罗西普).
A recent pilot study of the treatment on 16 patients found it was safe to use. Patients who receive donated organs treated with mirococept will still need to take drugs to suppress their immune systems, but doctors said an aim of their research was to see if the use of current drugs, which can increase a patient's risk of cancer, can be reduced.

单选题 What is the purpose of the drug treatment mentioned in the passage? ______

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】每年都有数以百万计的美国人买新的节能冰箱来替换厨房里效率低下的旧冰箱。但高效节能倡导者所烦恼的是越来越多的消费者实际上没有扔掉旧冰箱。相反，他们把旧冰箱搬到家里的另一个地方继续使用，这普遍增加了能源消耗。报告显示美国一般的冰箱尺寸比1975年的冰箱大20%，但耗电量却减少了3/4。全国拔下2,960万台旧冰箱的插头能节省2,500万兆瓦时的电能，折合大约28亿美元。个人用户通过淘汰旧冰箱能节省420～750美元的能源开支。Jennifer Thorne Amann讲到，如果我们要减少绝对消费，需要继续提高节能效率，并且付出很多努力来回收旧机。细节理解题。由原文第一段最后两句可知，高效节能倡导者所烦恼的是越来越多的消费者实际上没有扔掉旧冰箱。相反，他们把旧冰箱搬到家里的另一个地方继续使用，这普遍增加了能源消耗。由此可知，这是不能实现节能目标的原因之一，故答案为B。A项“新冰箱仍需要很多能源来工作”，C项“购买新型冰箱的家庭并不多”和D项“尽管节能，但冰箱的整体数量仍在上升”在文中均未提到，故排除。

单选题 According to the passage, what's the problem of people who receive transplants? ______

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】细节理解题。由原文第二段第二句可知，报告显示美国一般的冰箱尺寸比1975年大了20%，但耗电量却少了3/4。C项是对这句话的同义转述，故答案为C。A项“他们拥有更先进的功能”、B项“它们足够便宜，大多数人能支付得起”和D项“它们比之前的冰箱更新速度加快了”在原文中均未提到，故排除。

单选题 Why patients who are treated with the old treatment often need another donor organ? ______

单选题 What do we know about the new drug treatment? ______

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】细节理解题。由原文第四段前两句可知，全国拔下2,960万台旧冰箱的插头能节省2,500万时的电能，折合大约28亿美元。个人用户通过淘汰旧电器能节省420～750美元的能源开支。由此可知，拔下旧冰箱的插头可以为国家和家庭节省金钱及能源。C项是对原文的同义转述，故答案为C。A项“保护环境以免其变得更糟”和B项“使用新的节能电器所带来的方便”在原文中均未提到；D项“对那些要退休的人所带来的好处”是对candidates for retirement的误解，故排除。

单选题 What can we learn from the recent pilot study of the treatment? ______

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】细节推断题。由原文最后一段可知，Jennifer Thorne Amann讲到，如果我们要减少绝对消费，需要继续提高节能效率，并且付出很多努力来回收旧机，故答案为C。B项“减少绝对消费是不可能的”和D项“提倡节能的努力没有产生效果”均与原文意思不符；A项“应该鼓励人们丢弃冰箱”文中未提到，故排除。